直接引语变间接引语（完整）

直接引语变间接引语

一、如何变人称：

学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，三不变”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. \with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. \then。

“三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said。 \。\worker。

二、如何变时态：

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：

1)She said. \ 2)She said. \

3) She said. \。\friend。 直接引语变间接引语时，注意以下时态不变情况。： 1．直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”→ The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→ My father said practice makes perfect. 2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变， The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”→ The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. He said, “We are still students.?→He said they are still students. 3．直接引语如果有明确的具体的过去某年、某月、某日表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。例如：

He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”→He told me that he was born in 1978. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”→The engineer said he was at college in 1967.

4．直接引语中凡有When， since，while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：

He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” → He said he had studied English since he was a boy.

She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.→

She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.

Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”→

Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.

5．如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist, suggest, require, demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如：

He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.→He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.

She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”→She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.

6、如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变.例如：

I said to him, “I have finished it.”→ I told him I had finished it.

7、如果就在当地转述, here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如： She said to us, I?ll come heretomorrow.”→ She told us she would come here tomorrow.

8、直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. \asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

9、如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：

Peter said. \。\that day。

She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine. 〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好

三、如何变状语：

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”

1、指示代词：this……these, these……those

2、表示时间的词 now……then, today……that day, this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc)

yesterday……the day before, yesterday morning----the morning before last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before

three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow……the next (following ) day,

next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc) 3、表地点的词here……there

4、动词 bring……take, come……go

地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如： He said, \books were his.

四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句,注意，可说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that。此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：

He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of t-he heavy traffic.

注：如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。

The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”—>

The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.如：She said, \would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是一般疑问句, 反意疑问句和选择疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.但是如果后面跟or not 或动词不定式或跟在介词后作连接词时只能用whether.

如：He said, \

\

→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….

He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”——>

He asked me whether I spoke English or French.. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”——>

I asked him whether he would take bus or take train

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。He asked me, \dinner?\

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为\句型(类似有ask, order, beg, order,warn等)，引语中的呼语可以改成宾语，把please去掉，动词改成ask。

如：\

children not to make any noise. \

Bring me a cup of tea, please,\

cup of tea.

⑤当直接引语形式上是疑问句，如以“Let?s”开头的祈使句等表请求，建议时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb to do sth. 或suggest +动句词（或从句）等形式转述。如：

He said, \或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

⑥直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：

She said, “What a lovely day it is!” —>

She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.

练习：

1．He said: “I?ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.” 3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don?t waste your time.” 7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 11．He said, “We are still students.? 12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” 14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.

16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.” 17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. 18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” 19．I said to him, “I have finished it.” 20．She said to us,“ I?ll come here tomorrow.”

21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. 22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.

23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.

.单项选择

1. He asked ________ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid

2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film

C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film

3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher

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