高中英语Unit1FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar教案新人教版必修

高中英语Unit1FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar教案新人

教版必修

Section Ⅲ Grammar —直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)

语法图解

探究发现

1．“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.

→Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.

2．“Does a friend always have to be a person？” the writer asks us.

→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.

3．“What do you call your diary？” Anne's sister asked her.

→Anne's sister asked her what she called her diary.

4．“Why did you go to bed so late last night？” Father asked Anne.

→Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.

5．The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”

→The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.

6．“What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother？” the teacher asked us.

→The teacher asked us what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mother.

[我的发现]

(1)在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句的主语作适当改变，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句1；但陈述客观事实时时态不变，

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如句5。

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由if或whether 引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用ask。如句2。

(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，将它变成由原来的疑问句引导的宾语从句。如句4、6。

(4)语序变化：直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。如句2、3、4、6。

直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。

一、人称变化的三原则

1．“第一人称随主”原则

如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。

Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”

玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)

→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.

玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)

2．“第二人称随宾”原则

如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”

她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)

→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.

她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)

3．“第三人称不更新”原则

指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。

Mr. Li said, “Jack is a good worker.”

李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人”。(直接引语为第三人称)

→Mr. Li said Jack was a good worker.

李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变)

[即时演练1] 将下列句子改为间接引语

①He said, “I am proud of my motherland.”

→He said that he was proud of his motherland.

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②“You are wasting your time day-dreaming！” he said to Mary.

→He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming.

③Mr. Smith said, “My voice is wonderful.”

→Mr. Smith said his voice was wonderful.

二、时态的变化

直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：

他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)

→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.

他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)

The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.”

组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)

→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.

组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)

[名师点津] 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：

(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；

(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。

My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”

昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)

→My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.

昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)

[即时演练2] 将下列句子改为间接引语

①I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.”

→I said that I would_give her some advice the next day.

②“You have already done your duty，” he said to her.

→He told her that she had already done her duty.

③He said, “I am living with my elder brother.”

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→He said that he was_living with his elder brother.

④“Light travels much fa ster than sound，” he said.

→He said that light travels much faster than sound.

⑤My friend Linda said to me, “I saw the film three days ago.”

→My friend Linda told me that she had_seen the film three days before. 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化

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她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)

→She asked whether that book was his.

她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)

“I'll be very busy today，” said the man.

那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)

→The man said he would be very busy that day.

那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day)

[即时演练3] 将下列句子改为间接引语

①They said, “We arrived this morning.”

→They said that they had arrived that_morning.

②John said, “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.”

→John said that he had written back telling him about it the_day_before.

③He said, “It's ten o'clock now.”

→He said t hat it was ten o'clock then.

④She said, “I'll do it tonight.”

→She said that she would do it that_night.

⑤He said, “I brought it home with me.”

→He said that he had taken it home with him.

四、连接词的选择

1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。

He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”

→He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.

[名师点津] 直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。

She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”

→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.

2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(... or ...或．..or not)或if引导。

He said, “Are you interested in English？”

→He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.

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[名师点津] 如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。

3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。

“What's your name？” he asked me.

→He asked me what my name was.

[名师点津] 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。

[即时演练4] 将下列句子改为间接引语

①“Where are you going？” the father asked his son.

→The father asked his son where he was going.

②Mother said to her daughter, “Are you satisfied with your new room？”

→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.

Ⅰ.完成直接引语和间接引语的互换(每空一词)

1．“I will try my best to publish her diary，” said Anne's father.

→Anne's father said that he would try his best to publish her diary.

2．“I will go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow，” my father said to me.

→My father told me that he would go to Beijing for a meeting the next day.

3．“China is the biggest developing country in the world，” said Mr Smith.

→Mr Smith said that China is the biggest developing country in the world.

4．“Did you see the film last night？” asked Bob.

→Bob asked me whether/if I had seen the film the night before.

5．“How did you get this information？” Miss Liu asked him.

→Miss Liu asked him how he had got that information.

6．“Where does he live now？” Mother asked me.

→Mother asked me where he lived then.

7．“How much have we spent on petrol this year？” Susan asked her husband.

→Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

8．Mother a sked me, “Have you finished your homework？”

→Mother asked me whether/if I had finished my homework.

9．He says, “I bought you a book yesterday.”

→He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

10．She said, “He left for Shanghai last week.”

→She said that he had left for Shanghai the week before.

Ⅱ.补全句子

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1．He told_his mother that if he had enough time, he_would_go_swimming. 他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。

2．He asked us whether Tom had_left that day or the_day_before.

他问我们汤姆是昨天还是今天离开的。

3．He said_to me, “I_left book in your r oom.”

他对我说，“我已经把书留在你的房间里了。”

4．Father asked Peter, “When_did_you_go to bed last_night？”

父亲问彼得，“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？”

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