非谓语动词作定语语法讲义

非谓语动词作定语语法讲义

一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语：

1.看横线所在的位置 具体方法如下：

如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。 如：

The meeting________ yesterday was very important.

The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.

2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。 如：

The meeting________ yesterday was very important.

The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 二．作定语时的逻辑主语：

作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。

如：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语：

1. 和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系

2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成

如：

1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending

2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal. — Agreed! (2007全国卷I)

A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving

四．作定语的具体用法：

1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done（务必牢记）.

注：having done 绝对不能作定语。

原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。 如：

The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语)

The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home

五．作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：

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to do:只表示动作还没发生，不强调和逻辑主语的主被动关系。 如: I have a lot of things to do.

The years to follow will be very hard.

to be done: 和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。 如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important. doing (及物动词)：和逻辑主语是主动关系

如：He received a letter saying his mother would come to see him soon. being done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作正在进行 如：The meeting being held now is very important.

done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作已经完成。 注：Things lost will never come again.

We finished the work in less than half the time allowed.

注：不及物动词的现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语：只表示动作的完成，不表被动。

如：the developing countries:发展中国家

the developed countries：发达国家

六．不定式作定语的几种情况及注意事项

a) 当被修饰的名词之前有序数词或形容词最高级并且和所修饰的名词是主动

关系时，要用不定式作定语。 如：He is the best person to do the job.

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. b) 当被修饰的名词是抽象名词时，要用不定式作定语。 如：Do you have the ability to write in English.

c) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动

作的地点、工具等，不定式之后必须有相应的介词。但是如果不定式所修饰的名词是time, place 或way 时，不定式之后的介词习惯上可以省略。 如：I need a room to live in.

I need a pen to write with.

I had money and no place to live( in).

d) 当作定语的不定式和所修饰的名词是被动关系时，不定式既可用主动形式，

也可以用被动形式，但表达的含义不同。试比较：

I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。（我就是to do动作的发出者） I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。(被别人做，别人是to be done动作的发出者）

七．非谓语动词作定语的一些用法比较： 1.to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别 相同点：和所修饰的名词都是被动关系 不同点：在时间上

.to be done：动作未发生 being done: 动作正在进行

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done：动作已完成

如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important The meeting being held now is very important The meeting held yesterday was very important.

2. have something to do 和have something to be done 的区别 have something to do：主语有事自己做

have something to be done：主语有事让别人做

如：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。（我就是to do动作的发出者）

I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。(被别人做，别人是to be done动作的发出者）

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非谓语动词作定语高考题专练

1. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.

A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _________ in a year.

A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

3. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

4. There are hundreds of visitors _______ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.

A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait

5. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________ Chinese in the school, most ________ were from Germany.

A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 6. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held

7. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed

8. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.

A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given

9. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007全国卷II)

A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed

C. being opened and closed D. to open and close

10. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007上海卷)

A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 11. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. (2007湖南卷) A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 12. Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?

A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 13. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 14. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.

A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows 15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found

16. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located

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17. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 18. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm.

A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow

19. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the

education of their children.

A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced

20. Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?

A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 21. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.

A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding

22. With the government’s aid, those ______ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected

23. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.

A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating

24. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing 25. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 26. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.

A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 27. So far nobody has claimed the money ___________________in the library.

A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 28. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.

A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed

29. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 30. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 31. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired

32. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.

A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing

33. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce

34. On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.

A. says B. said C. saying D. to say

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35. The island, ______to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined

36. Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared 37. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 38. The ability _____an idea as important as the idea itself

A expressing B expressed C to express D to cover

39. The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .

A selecting B to selected C selected D having selected 40. Look over there-there’s a very long, winding path _____up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead

41. Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded

42. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 43. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _____. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide

44. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started 45. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____ him it. A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered 答案：

1-5BCDCD 6-10CCCCC 11-15ACBCD 16-20DCABC 21-25ACBCC 26-30 AABBC 31-35DDBCC 36-40BBCCA 41-45CABAB

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非谓语动词作补语

一：补语的种类（两种）：

1. 宾语补足语 2. 主语补足语 二．如何判断非谓语动词作的是补语： 1. 宾语补足语

A. 如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。 如：I hear him _____ in the next room.

注：能跟宾语+宾语补足语的动词常见的有以下三类：

1. 感官动词：see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to 2. 使役动词：have, let, make, get

3. 其他动词：find, keep, want, leave（使。。。处于某种状态），catch 如：

Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.

A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash、 I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound

注：下列动词或动词短语之后也用不定式作宾补（在主动句中）；在被动句中，用不定式作主语补足语。

allow, permit, forbid, persuade, require, remind, invite, wish, warn, encourage, call on 等。

注：特别关注allow 和 permit 的用法 Allow/permit doing Allow/permit sb to do

Sb be allowed/permitted to do

如：We don’t allow smoking here.

We don’t allow you to smoke here. You are not allowed to smoke here.

此外 hope, suggest 之后不能用不定式做宾补 hope sb to do × suggest sb to do×

B. 如果横线放在with +名词或代词之后。 如：

The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.

A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows

2. 主语补足语

下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought_________.

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如：

The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007辽宁卷)

A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break

三．作补语时的逻辑主语： 1. 宾语补足语

作宾语补足语时，逻辑主语就是其之前的名词或代词。 如：I hear him singing in the next room 2. 主语补足语

作主语补足语时，逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 如：He was said to have been to America before. 四．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作补语：

1. 和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成 五. 非谓语动词作补语的具体用法： 1. 宾语补足语 1）.感官动词see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to之后的宾补有四种形式：do, doing, being done, done ,以see 为例：

See +sb/sth do 看见某人做了某事（主动，完成）

See+sb/sth doing看见某人正在做某事（主动，正在进行）

See+sb/sth being done看见某人或某事正在被做（被动，正在进行） See+sb/sth done（及物动词）看见某人或某物被。。（只表示被动）

See+sb/sth done(不及物动词)看见某人或某物。。。了。（只表示完成，不表示被动）

注：如果see +sb/sth do变成被动语态，do 之前要加to ,其他感官动词也如此。 如：I heard her sing an English song just now.

She was heard to sing an English song just now.

I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room. I heard an English song being sung when I passed her room. I’d like to see the plan carried out.

I looked down at my table and saw my wallet gone. 2）.使役动词let之后的宾补有两种形式：do, be done 如：He let me open the door.

Let the work be done immediately.

使役动词make之后的宾补有两种形式：do, done 如: He made me open the door.

He had to raise his voice to make himself heard. 使役动词have, get之后的宾补有三种形式：do(to do), doing, done，这里的have, get都表示“使，让”，具体用法： 3）have 的用法

have sb do sth 让某人做某事

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have sb/sth doing 让某人一直做某事、使某物一直处于某种状态。 have sth done:请某人做某事；表示主语的遭遇 如：He had me open the door.

Don’t have your children studying all the time. Don’t have the lights going all the time. I’ll have my bike repaired tomorrow.

Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 4）get的用法

Get sb to do让某人做某事（注意和have 的区别） Get sb/sth doing使某人或某物开始。。。 Get sth done使某事被做。 如：He got me to open the door. He tried to get his car moving.

He had to get all the things done before tomorrow. 5）find 之后的宾补

Find sb doing 发现某人正在做某事 Find sth done 发现某物被。。。

注：find 之后不能用动词原形做宾补。 6）leave之后的宾补

Leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 Leave sth doing让某物一直处于某种状态 Leave sth undone 留下某事未做 如：

The teacher left the student standing there all the time. Don’t leave the water running.

He left in a hurry, leaving the breakfast untouched. 7)catch 之后的宾补

Catch sb doing 当场发现某人正在做某事。 如：

I caught him reading my private letters. 8)with 的复合结构中的宾补

with的复合结构

构成：with +宾语+宾补 作用：作状语或定语

翻译：做状语时with 翻译成“由于”，作定语时with 翻译成“有”。 考点：考查宾语补足语的选择。它的宾补通常由：to do, doing, being done, done

构成，他们表示的含义分别是： to do ：要做（不强调主被动） doing: 和宾语之间是主动关系。 being done: 被动和正在进行

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done：被动和完成

如：With a lot of things to do, I am very busy.

With the teacher helping me, I finally succeeded.

With the problem being discussed, we must keep it a secret. With everything done, he felt relaxed. 2. 主语补足语

下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought +to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been dong ，他们表示的含义分别是： to do 要做

to be doing正在做 to have done已经做了

to have been doing一直在做 如: He is said to study in Canada.

He is said to be studying in Canada. He is said to have studied in Canada.

He is said to have been studying in Canada.

非谓语动词作补语高考题专练

1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.

A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on

2. — Is Bob still performing?

— I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official

A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.

A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 4. I really can't understand ______ her like that.

A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

5. In the dream Peter saw himself ________by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased

6. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ___. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied

7. AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been

8. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last

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Friday.

A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost

9. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国卷I) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 10. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. (2007上海卷) A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call

11. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽卷)

A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 12. — Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?

— Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. (2007北京卷)

A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing

13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a short period. (2007福建卷) A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve 14. — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

— Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷) A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 15. — Can I smoke here?

— Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. (2007江苏卷) A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking

16. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. (2007江苏卷) A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good

17. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. (2007江苏卷) A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest

18. She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular. (2007上海春)

A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed

19. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in

the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007辽宁卷)

A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break 20. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can. A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it. A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried 22. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.

A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 23. Listen! Do you hear someone __________for help?

A. calling B. call C. to call D. called

24. Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles .

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A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized

25. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid

26. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues_______ with her

stories.

A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused

27. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried

28. Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left.

A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked

29. .Even the best writers find themselves _______for words.

A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost

30. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own

dreams.

A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind

31. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.

A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows

32. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound

33. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.

A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash

34. With the couple in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.

A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 35. With so many things ______, I have to work late into the night． A．to deal with B．dealt with C．dealing with D．being dealt with 答案：

1-5AADBA 6-10ADAAA 11-15AAABD 16-20DADCC 21-25BDADA 26-30AADBC 31-35BCACA

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