过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾补

一. 过去分词作宾补,表示动作已经完成或结束.能用作宾补的过去分词一般都是vt , 表示被动意义或已完成的意义,有时两者兼之,作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象.

eg. After walking up , I found everyone gone . The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard. They found their new bikes stolen. 二． 需要过去分词作宾补的情况：

1. 使役动词 get ,have , keep , leave, let, make 等后，可用过去分词作宾补，“致使某人或某事被……”

eg. We should keep them informed of what is going on here. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s . I had my record repaired.

2. 感官动词feel ,find , hear, notice, see, watch 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表“感受到某人或某事被做”。 eg. I was sleeping when I heard my name called . She found his room cleaned. I saw him bitten by a dog. Fill in the blank .

I heard someone _____________ me . I heard my name ______________.

I found Tom __________ the window. I found the window___________.

3. 表示“意欲，命令”的动词如：like , order , want , wish , 相当于过去分词短语前省略了 to be, 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”。 eg. I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible . He didn’t want such question discussed at the meeting . 4. “with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作with的宾补，这一结构通常在句子作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。 eg. With water heated, we can see the steam. (条件) With the matter settled , we all went home.(原因) 5. “have+宾语+过去分词”的几种含义。

(1) 表示“请人或让人做某事”，此时have 也可用get 代替。 eg. He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow .

(2) 表示“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。

eg. He had the walls painted this morning.

（3）表示“主语遭遇或遭受某一不愉快或不测的事情” eg. Be careful ,or you’ll have your hand hurt. 6. 过去分词与不定式、现在分词作宾补的区别：

（1）感官动词see, watch , observe, look at , hear , listen to , notice 等和使役动词have后面的宾补有两种情况：

a. 当宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时，须用动词原形（即不带to的不定式）及现在分词doing，不带to的不定式表完成，现在分词表被动关系时，须用过去分词being done（现在分词的一般被动式），过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性，being done 表正在进行。

eg. I heard her sing an English song just now . (主动，完成)

I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行)

I heard an English song being sung by a litter girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动，正在进行)

Attention ： vt 的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。

eg. I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much .(完成) (2).使役动词let 后加复合宾语时，当宾语与宾补在逻辑上为主动关系时，宾补用V原（即不带to的不定式）；当宾语与宾补在逻辑上为被动关系时，宾补用“be+V-ed” eg. Don’t let your child play with matches. Let the work be done immediately.

(3). leave后接不定式或分词作宾补时，意为“使……处于某种状态” leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事（宾语与宾补—主动，动作正在进行）

sth undone 留下某事未做（被动关系，表被动和完成）一般以

undone，unfinished，unsettled，untouched为多。 Sb to do sth 留下某人做某事}不定式表将来的动作

Sth to be done 留下某事要做}

Eg. It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.(主动，正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.(被动，完成)

He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.

(4) have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get 表示“使，让，叫”之意。

a. have sth done = get sth done 使/让某事由别人去做（叫/让某人做某事）

eg. I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow . 此外，have sth done 还表示“使遭受…..”之意 eg. Tom had his leg broken while playing football.

b. have sb/sth doing 使/让某人/物持续的做某事 （现在分词表主动，正在进行）

get sb/sth doing 使某人/物开始行动起来

eg. The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.

Attention: have sb doing 用于否定句中时，have有“容忍”之意。 eg. I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. c. have/get sb do sth 使/让/叫某人去做某事

eg. Mother had me to the shop and buy some salt.

三．注意下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb be said /

believed / known / reported / considered / found 等+ to do eg. He is said to have gone abroad = It is said that he has gone abroad. Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 四．不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门

下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式做补语，但在被动语态中加上to，它们是：“五看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at , see , watch , observe）; 3使（let , make , have）;2听（listen to , hear）; 1感觉（feel）

以上动词还可以用现在分词作宾（主）语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4），即以上动词除了let, make (-2)外都可以用现在分词作宾（主）语补足语，此外find ,catch , keep , leave (+4)也可以用现在分词作宾（主）语补足语。

Eg. I hate to see you leave so soon.

Someone was heard to come up the stairs. At that time , I found him crying in the street.

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time . He was caught stealing.

Exercise :

1. To learn English well , we should find opportunities to hear English _______ as much as we can.

A. speak B. speaking C. spoke D. to speak

2. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending , but

the reader must not be left_________ .

A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be satisfying D. being

satisfied

3. I have had my bike _______, and I’m going to have somebody

___________ my radio tomorrow .

A. repair ; to repair B. repairing ; to be repaired C. repaired ; repair D. to repair ; repairing 4. We are pleased to see the problem ________ so quickly. A. settled B. settling C. be settled D. having been settled 5. With trees , flowers and grass _________ everywhere , my native town

had taken on a new look .

A. planting B. planted C. to plant D. to be planted 6. He found them _________ at a table _________chess .

A. sat; to play B. seated ; playing C. sitting ; to play D. seat;

play the

7. I can make you _________ what I say ,but you can’t make yourself

_________in English .

A. understand ; understand B. understand ; understood C. to understand ; understand D. understand ; to be understood 8.

He

woke

up

to

find

himself

___________________________________(躺在地上).(lie)

9. The principals discussed the regulations they’d like to see _______________________(被实施) the next term . (carry) 10. During our visit to Mr Smith , he kept telling us _____________________________.(别客气) But the more he said ,the more nervous we got . (make) 11.

Children’s

being

addicted

to

Internet

game

_______________________________(使父母很担忧).(get) 12. We tired hard, and eventually ,we were able to get Mike ___________________________ (把他的车借给我们) just for a day.(lend) 13.

Many

a

student

is

going

to

have

themselves______________________________(在医院做检查).(examine)

14. Columbus was considered __________________________ (发现) the great land of America. (discover) 15.

He

went

away

without

saying

anything

,

_________________________(撇下我们能站着) outside in the rain .(leave)

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