2016年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

圣才电子书

2016年英语专业八级真题及详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)

-GRADE EIGHT-

TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]

SECTION A MINI-LECTURE

In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY . While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.

Models for Arguments

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

圣才电子书

1. ____

【答案】the dialectical model

【解析】细节题。录音中提到“The first model, let’s call this the dialectical model”，所以第一种模式就是“the dialectical model”。

2. ____

【答案】common and fixed

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

圣才电子书 【解析】细节题。录音中提到在第一种模式中“And that ’s not really a very helpful model for arguing but it ’s a pretty common and fixed one ”，所以应填入common and fixed 。

3. ____

【答案】premises

【解析】细节题。在第二种辩论模式中，需要论证的点包括“Are the premises warranted?”，故应填入premises 。

4. ____

【答案】opposition/ arguing

【解析】细节题。第二种模式还有一个特点，就是“No opposition, no adversary reality, not necessarily any arguing in the adversarial sense ”，故应填入opposition 或arguing 。

5. ____

【答案】the rhetorical model

【解析】细节题。该处考查的是第三种模式，录音中提到“Let ’s call this model the rhetorical model ”，故应填入the rhetorical model 。

6. ____

【答案】participating

【解析】细节题。在第三种模式中，录音中讲到“sometimes the audience has a more participatory role in the argument ...”，因此观众会参与其中，故填入participating 。

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

圣才电子书

7. ____ 【答案】be before

【解析】细节题。在第三种模式中“Arguments have been in front of an audience ”，因此该辩论模式要在观众面前进行，因词数限制，故应填入与“be in front of ”意思相同的词“be before ”。

8. ____

【答案】how we argue

【解析】细节题。在该讲座的第二部分中，录音提到“it shapes how we argue, our actual conduct in arguments ”，故应填入how we argue 。

9. ____

【答案】tactics

【解析】细节题。在讲到该模式的弊端时，录音中提到“it elevates tactics over substance ”，因此它更注重策略而不是内容，故应填入tactics 。

10. ____

【答案】negotiation and collaboration

【解析】细节题。录音中提到“And worst of all, it seems to prevent things like negotiation and collaboration ”，所以说最坏的负面影响是它妨碍协商和合作，故应填入negotiation and collaboration 。

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

圣才电子书

11. ____ 【答案】dead ends

【解析】细节题。录音中提到“And finally, this is really the worst thing. Arguments don ’t seem to get us anywhere. They ’re dead ends ”，所以最坏的情形是争论毫无结果，走入死胡同，故填入dead ends 。

12. ____

【答案】learning with losing

【解析】细节题。录音中提到“if argument is war, then there is also an implicit aspect of meaning, learning with losing ”，所以其中暗示着在失败中学习，故填入learning with losing 。

13. ____

【答案】questions

【解析】细节题。在辩论的过程中，其中一方会给出自己的理由，另一方则针对该观点提出自己的问题，故应填入questions 。

14. ____

【答案】achieve positive effects

【解析】细节题。辩论同时也存在积极的影响，讲座的第三部分涉及的就是如何实现辩论积极的影响，故应填入achieve positive effects 。

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

圣才电子书

15. ____ 【答案】be self-supported

【解析】细节题。讲座中提到“That means you need to be supported by yourself, even when you lose the argument ”，所以说即使失败了，也要支持自己，故应填入be self-supported 。

【录音原文】

Models for Arguments

Good morning, everyone! My name is David. And I am good at arguing. So, welcome to our introductory lecture on argumentation. Why do we want to argue? Why do we try to convince other people to believe things that they don ’t want to believe? Isn ’t that even a nice thing to do? Is that a nice way to treat other human being, trying and making them think something they don ’t want to think? Well, my answer is going to make reference to three models for arguments.

[1]The first model, let ’s call this the dialectical model. It ’s that we think of arguments as war, and you know what that ’s like. There is a lot of screaming and shouting, and winning and losing. [2]And that ’s not really a very helpful model for arguing but it ’s a pretty common and fixed one. I guess you must have seen that type of arguing many times in the street, on the bus, or in the subway.

Let ’s move on to the second model. The second model for arguing regards arguments as proofs. Think of a mathematician ’s argument. Here is my argument: Does it work? Is it any good? [3]Are the premises warranted? Are the inferences valid?

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