公开阅读2009高考英语第二轮复习专题阅读理解

2012年全国高考模拟参考部分

2009高考英语第二轮复习专题阅读理解

一、题型解读

从2009年英语科《考试大纲》对考生阅读理解能力测试的要求看，09年高考英语阅读理解的命题思路会依然保持稳定，突出“得体地使用英语的能力；用英语获取和处理信息的能力；用英语分析问题和解决问题的能力以及批判性思维的能力”。

按体裁划分，英语的阅读理解文章可分为记叙文、应用文、说明文和议论文，其中记叙文包括新闻报道、人物传记等，应用文包括广告、通知、申请书、图表文章等，说明文中科普类文章在高考试题中出现的比较频繁，议论文包括文化、历史、教育、文学，还有社科类题材。

1.记叙文

记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结局展开叙述。记叙文的阅读要注意：

1)注重对人物和事件的分析。了解记叙文的六要素，即时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、发展和结果，从整体上把握文章的内容

2)理清文章的线索。记叙文都有一个贯穿全文的线索，以人物、事件、行踪为线索，或以人物的思想感情变化为线索。分析线索有利于把握文章的行文思路和文章的结构

3)弄清文章的记叙顺序

4)分析各种描写的方法并理解不同方法对不同主题的表达作用全品高考网

5)注意分析记叙文中的议论和抒情文字

2.议论文

议论文是高考英语阅读理解中必考的体裁，文章内容涉及人文类题材，如文化、历史、教育、风俗习惯，以及社会科学类，如社会学、心理学、经济学，以及自然科学、生命科学等。在做这类阅读理解试题时要注意把握文章的论点、论据和论证。议论文的文章一般来说有一定的难度，试题多为观点辨认题、推理判断题、写作宗旨题和细节理解题，解题时要立足语篇，寻找与试题有关的关键词句，把握文章的内涵，不能主观臆断或凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

3.应用文

高考英语阅读理解的内容更生活化、信息化、时代化，较多涉及广告等应用文体。应用文是贴近生活的文体，包括广告、通知、申请书、图表文章等，形式多样，题材各异，是英语阅读理解中出现得较多的文体。从近年的高考英语阅读理解试题看，应用文的题材出现的比较多，比如学术活动安排、大学介绍、旅游观光全品等。

广告文章的阅读一般可采用跳读、略读等快速阅读方法，快速浏览信息，先了解文章的大致结构内容，再看试题，带着问题在文章中搜寻相关信息；做此类阅读理解时，是先看试题还是先看文章应视个人的阅读习惯和具体语篇而定，但广告文章比较长，不必记住所有信息，而要抓住文章的主要线索，再看试题，带着试题的问题到相关信息处寻找答案。

4.新闻报道与科普文

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新闻报道的文章在高考试卷阅读理解中占有一定的比例，文章短，句子结构比较复杂，要注意正确理解文章的含义。

科普类文章包括太空与海洋、环境保护、发明创造、动物世界等，是高考英语阅读中必不可少的体裁，一般来好所科普类文章的特点为：

1)结构严谨，逻辑性强，文章有明确的主题，论证主题的事实以及清晰的文章结构，一般由导入、背景、主体和结尾这几个部分，主题局出现在文章的开头或结尾。这种阅读文章往往有比较复杂的句子结构，长难句较多，句法分析比较困难，有时会使用多种语言现象，如被动与态、定语匆遽、虚拟语气等。

2)在处理科普类文章时要通读短文，了解文章的主题，抓住体现主题的关键词句，特别是长难句的理解，这是理解文章和解题的关键。

5.高考阅读理解还有海外风情类的文章，多为名胜古迹、地域特色、异域风光、英美国家节日介绍等。

二、命题分析d340f233b90d6c85ec3ac651/

从近年高考英语阅读理解文章和试题看，主要有以下特点：

1．词汇量保持稳定，并略有增长

近几年高考阅读理解部分的阅读量基本保持稳定，但自主命题省市新增加的其他阅读理解考查形式如阅读填空、阅读简答题的出现使阅读量略有上升，这增加意味着对阅读速度的要求在提高，因此我们要提醒和培养考生提高阅读速度。

2．更加注重综合理解能力的考查

阅读理解能力测试的主要设题方式有：1）理解所读材料的主旨和大意；2）理解文中用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；3）根据上下文推断词、短语或句子的含义；4）根据文章的叙述，作出简单的推理判断；5）理解文章的基本篇章结构；6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

阅读理解题型为：主旨大意题；分析推理题；细节理解题；猜测词义题；以细节判断试题为主，并加大深层次理解试题和篇章结构试题的考查力度。

3．更加注重语言材料的真实性

高考阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都出自英美国家阅读材料原文或适当修改，体现原汁原味，即in English, about English (cultures, countries,etc.)，不会出现反映中国的人或事的文章

4．选材多样化

阅读理解试题体裁广泛，一般有记叙文，议论文，说明文和应用文；题材涉及内容广，在选材方面，突出生态环保、人物传记、名人轶事、社会风俗文化、大众科普、广告、文学作品、社会热点、时文报道等，这些题材能使考生扩大对异域文化的接触。

5．阅读速度要求每分钟60单词。

2008年高考阅读试题的命题方式和去年基本保持一致。命题特点如下：阅读材料的选择尽量作到体裁分布均匀，题材多样，语言地道，材料多为最近几年国内外报刊、杂志上具有时代性的原汁原味的文章。有很强的时代气息。

三、应试技巧

常用解题方法（三遍阅读法）

第一遍：浏览全文，把握文章大意

第二遍：扫读语块，搜索有效信息

第三遍：查读题项，定位正确答案

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阅读理解题目设置类型

1 浅层理解细节题

2 深层理解中心思想

细节转述题最佳标题

数字题作者意图

图表题推断题

排序题划线句子和段落在文章中的作用

阅读理解应试技巧

1. 快速、准确地捕捉信息词句，做好细节理解题

先浏览一遍题目，把题目的要求储存在大脑中，带着疑问去快速阅读，然后找出与题目相关的信息词句加以理解分析，去伪存真。此种办法能有效地避免做细节理解题时的失误。

【技巧总结】准确捕捉信息，注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的"陷阱"，误选干扰项，因为某些干扰选项在文章中也能找到"依据"，具有很强的迷惑性。

2.进行推理判断，做好推理判断题全品高考网

策略指导：深层含义通常是隐藏在文字背后的延伸之意，弦外之音，如作者的意图、倾向、语气，人物的性格、心理、情感，故事的结局，事情的因果关系等。因此大家需调动自己的逻辑思维能力，透过字里行间，去严密推理，合理想象。

【技巧总结】隐含信息并非"空穴来风"，而是"有源之水"，即隐含信息也是以文章的语言为载体。大家应准确捕捉信息，调动智力因素，严密推理，合理想象，忌"凭空想象"或"断章取义"。在阅读理解中结合自己的常识进行判断是必要的，但决不能以常识取代信息分析。推理判断既要严密，又要灵活。

3.进行词义的判断，做好语意理解题

策略指导：首先从词汇所处的语境进行分析，注意上下文之间的关系，如：如果出现that is, that is to say或破折号等，我们可以断定，后面的内容是对前面内容的解释；如果出现转折词but, however, yet以及表示相反结果的on the contrary, on the other hand等，我们可以从所给内容相反的意义去考虑。

【技巧总结】高考语意判断题很多都是考查旧词新义的理解。因此大家需把词汇或短句的字面意义与语境和上下文结合起来，选择最切合文章内容，最符合上下文逻辑的意义，切忌望文生义。

4.抓住文章的中心和主线，做好主旨大意题

策略指导：读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，这样做文章的中心一般都能概括出来, 涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。全品高考网

【技巧总结】我们在归纳文章主题时，一定要注意选项的内涵和外延必须能恰如其分地概括文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能把某一细节或侧面误当作主题。阅读时我们还应注意捕捉文章出现频率较高的中心词汇以及文章和段落的主题句。在选择文章题目时，还应注意语言方面的特点：文章题目往往具有凝练、醒目的特点。

5. 猜测词义题

猜测词义是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解，是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。猜测词义题常见的解题方法如下：

（1）根据上下文线索猜测词义

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有

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关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。

（2）根据定义或解释猜测词义

阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。

（3）根据反义词或反义关系

有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义。

（4）根据同义词或近义词关系

常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。

（5）利用例证性线索

某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。

（6）根据构词法猜测词义

阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。

6.阅读理解中的长难句理解

策略指导：阅读理解中的结构复杂的句子一般分为两大类：第一类是由复合句或并列句构成的长复杂句子；第二类是省略句。对于第一类句子，大家应抓其主干成分，理解其主体意思，其他的成分都是对主体意思的修饰和补充。对于第二类句子，大家应通过上下文找出省略成分，把句子补充完整。

【技巧总结】结构复杂的句子往往出现在说明文或议论文中，这是造成考生心理紧张的主要原因。大家应冷静下来，结合文章所说明或议论的中心话题，抓住主干，层层理解。

四、实战演练d340f233b90d6c85ec3ac651/

A

The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy could help prove hospitals who are accused of wasting money on art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain.

A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel while the team zapped(照射) a short laser pulse at their hand, creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.

While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in hospital patients, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to show that beauty plays a part.

The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.

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"Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too," said the neurologist. "Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly surroundings make the pain worse. " "I think these results show that more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment can alleviate suffering."

Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh and Botticellis Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. "These people were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would be considered masterpieces by the art world," said Prof de Tommaso.

1.The underlined word “alleviate” in the fifth paragraph probably means “_________”.

A. cure

B. ease

C. improve

D. kill

2.How many artists have been mentioned in the passage?

A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 7.

3.Which of the following is TURE about the vi ew of Prof de Tommaso?s?

A. Beautiful surroundings could help to heal sufferings completely .

B. Hospitals must take their artistic aspects into consideration first.

C. Ugly surroundings will surely make the pain worse.

D. Both music and beauty can reduce pain in hospital patients.

4.From the last paragraph, we know that _________.

A. some artists? paintings were beautiful, so they were masterpieces

B. only art experts could judge they were masterpieces or not, though ugly

C. the artists mentioned above were not really art masters.

D. some of them were art masters, while others were not.

5.Which of the following is the suitable title for the passage?

A. Beautiful surroundings can ease pain.

B. Ugly paintings could be masterpieces.

C. More research should be done in the field.

D. Latest environmental research.

B

This hotel is located within the Kista Gallerian Shopping Mall in Array Kista, the center of the metropolitan region's electronics and

telecommunications industry. The shopping centre houses 140

different shops. The city of Kista has direct bus links with

Stockholh-Arlanda airport as well as easy access to the entire

Greater Stockholm area by underground. Convenient public

transport links may be found within 100 metres of the hotel. The hotel is therefore an outstanding starting point for countless short journeys in the surrounding area. In Stockholm, about 10 km away, guests will find a range of entertainment venues（场所）, the sea, and the nearest railway station. In only a 15-minute drive, it is possible to reach Stockholm old town as well as countless cultural venues.

Established in 2002, this fully air-conditioned hotel consists of a total of 127 rooms including 39 apartments, spread across 13 floors. The family-friendly hotel welcomes guests in an elegant lobby

where there is a 24-hour reception desk and several lifts. Further facilities include a newspaper stand, a

breakfast room, and a public Internet connection. All guests may take advantage of the laundry service,

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and parking spaces are available for those arriving by car.

With the subway: |Take the blue line Nr 11 to Akalla. Get off at the station Kista. | Go out on your right hand side down to the bus station. The entry of the hotel is situated in front of the bus station.

|By car arriving north:|From E4, drive towards Stockholm until the second way out towards Kista. Drive on the right line until you come to a round about. Take left towards Arvinge. Drive straight ahead until the next round about; take right under the tunnel and you will be on Danmarksgatan. The hotel is situated on the right side of the street in front of the bus station.

6. What?s the passage mainly about ?全品高考网

A. Information of a hotel.

B. Information of a website.

C. Information of a car.

D. Information of a city.

7. What may probably be talked about following the last paragraph?

A. How to find Stockholm Kista Hotel.

B. The location of Stockholm Kista Hotel.

C. How to arrive at Stockholm Kista Hotel from south by car.

D. How to apply for the membership of the website.

8. What does the underlined word “metropolitan” mean ?

A. Of a major city.

B. Of a famous man.

C. Of a famous port.

D. Of a known car.

9. If you stay in the hotel, ______.

A. you can easily find a restaurant that appeals to your taste

B. you can enjoy the sea view

C. you can get free laundry service

D. it is very convenient for you to do some shopping

10. The hotel has a history of ____ years.

A. 4

B. 6

C. 8

D. 10

C

Casual Fridays are days when the usual dress code of an office is Array relaxed. Since Fridays mark the start of the weekend in many countries,

behavior in general tends to be more relaxed on Fridays, with some

employers not being as particular about standards, and sometimes this is

formalized in a casual Friday policy. Truly casual clothing like

sweatpants and t-shirts is usually not satisfying.

The casual Friday concept was one of the first signs that strict

dress codes for offices were starting to relax. The principle of

Dress-Down Fridays seems to have appeared around the 1950s, probably

in response to changing attitudes about careers and the workplace. Over time, some offices have relaxed their dress codes even more, adopting a business casual dress code every day.

On casual Fridays, employees may wear clothing which is classified as “business casual,” meaning that it still obeys certain standards. Clothing must be clean and in good repair, with no spots or discolorations(变色). Men are generally allowed to wear casual trousers and

bright-colored clothes, and in some offices they may be allowed to wear button down shirts or polo shirts, with or without a tie. Women tend to wear neat skirts or dresses; casual trousers are

common and generally perfectly acceptable, except in very conservative workplaces.

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As a general rule, extremely casual clothing like jeans, shorts, t-shirts, tank tops(吊带衫), and so forth is discouraged on casual Fridays. Employees are still expected to make an effort to look professional, out of respect to their offices and their customers.

Many people feel that casual Fridays are good for employees? mood, encouraging employees to express their individuality and feel more comfortable in the office. Others feel that business casual dress and the concept of casual Fridays devalues the workplace, by taking a sense of formality and respect away. Approaches to casual Fridays vary, depending on the industry and the nation; the technology industry, for example, is well known for casual dress in general, while major financial companies tend to dislike casual dress.

11. From the second paragraph, we can infer _______________.

A. the casual Friday concept is out of fashion

B. it?s forbidden to wear casual clothing in offices before

C. the idea of casual Fridays has originated from the early 1990s

D. employees can all kinds of casual clothing every day now.

12. The underlined word “devalue” in the last paragraph means ____________.

A. think little of

B. think highly of

C. estimate highly

D. take the place of

13. Generally speaking, on casual Fridays as a worker in a company you can wear __________.

A. jeans

B. tank tops

C. shorts

D. polo shirts

14. The article most probably appears in the newspaper Column ___________.

A. Sports

B. Entertainment

C. Culture

D. Customs

D

In South America, the rich soil of the Amazon River basin(流域) in Brazil is known as “black gold”. Scientists found that the secret of this rich soil was charcoal(木炭). Local people made it from animal bones and tree branches. They mixed the charcoal with the soil about 1,500 years ago.

Now, scientists in the United States have done a modern demonstration. They say charcoal fertilization offers a revolutionary way to improve soil quality for hundreds or even thousands of years.

Mingxin Guo and his team at Delavare State University heated tree leaves, corn stalks(茎), small pieces of wood and poultry waste into “biochar.” They reported their findings at a recent meeting of the American Chemical Society in New Orleans.

Biochar could be good news for farmers with poor soil and hungry populations to feed. Professor Guo says it could even help against global warming. Intensive（集约的）farming and overuse of chemical fertilizer give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Biochar does the opposite, he says. It traps carbon in the ground.

The researchers plan winter wheat in containers of soil in a greenhouse—some with biochar, some without. Professor Guo says the wheat grows much better in the pots with biochar. The soil was added two percent charcoal to. But he says even a one percent treatment will increase productivity.

The results demonstrated that biochar can increase organic matter in soil. Loss of nutrients in soil is an increasing problem world wide as farmers try to grow more food for growing populations.

Next the team will carry out a five-year study of biochar with spinach(菠菜), green peppers and tomatoes.全品高考网

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Mingxin Guo says he learns about the “black gold”in Brazil from a magazine story. He explains that it was discovered in the jungle, in the area where waters flow to the Amazon, in the 1960?s. But it was not until recent years that scientists began to bring public attention to it.

15. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. The researchers will go on proving their theory.

B. The leading researcher learns the theory from the magazine.

C. Charcoal was discovered 1,500 years ago.

D. Common farming can produce more carbon dioxide

16. Biochar has the following advantages EXCEPT that .

A. it can improve the condition of the soil

B. it can be used as a kind of energy

C. it can help against globe warming

D. it can increase productivity of the corn

17. According to the research why could the Biochar help against global warming?

A. Biochar can reduce the carbon dioxide.

B. Biochar can keep the carbon in the soil.

C. Biochar can reduce the loss of nutrients in the soil.

D. Biochar can help keep the globe warm.

18. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. Using charcoal to make soil into “black gold”

B. Using charcoal to reduce the carbon dioxide

C. How Amazon River basin produces “golden black”

D. Guo?s research on producing biochar

E

Japan will hand out its first “Nobel Prize of Manga” for artists in the comic book field abroad. This is another step in Japan?s efforts to show the power of pop culture diplomacy.

The International Manga Award, which was compared by manga lover Foreign Minister Taro Aso to a “Nobel Prize” when he first proposed it, will be given to an artist working abroad whose work best contributes to the spread of the manga form worldwide.

Manga, a name used for Japanese style comic books, often combines stories with drawing styles that differ from the overseas superhero comics and cartoon, particularly in their frequent emphasis on cuteness.

The winner will receive a certificate and trophy at an awards ceremony, and will spend 10 days in Japan meeting with local comic book artists and publishers.

“Manga have been spreading overseas and are selling quite well,” Aso said when announcing the award to the public. “I w ant to further improve the communicative power of these so-called …pieces of pop culture?.”

Aso has argued that warm feelings for Japanese comics and cartoon can translate into warm feelings for Japanese foreign policy.

He has proposed sending cartoon artists overseas as cultural ambassadors and the government has named some officials to advise ways to promote Japanese cartoon and culture to foreign audiences.

The award committee, consisting of manga artists and publishers, is expected to make its

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selections quite soon.

According to a ministry official Nobuyuki Watanabe, the prize carries no monetary reward. The trophy?s design has yet to be finished, but it will be something “appropriate”.

19.The International Manga Award will be presented to .

A. the person who is expert at comics and cartoon.

B. a foreign artist who has contributed to the development of manga.

C. a Japanese who has achieved a lot in creating new methods of drawing.

D. an artist who makes contributions to introducing manga to the other foreign countries.

20.Which statement is false about Manga?

A. Manga refers to international comics and cartoon.

B. Manga is different from the overseas comic books.

C. There are stories and pictures in manga.

D. Manga are popular not only in Japan but also overseas.

21.What has the Japanese government done to show its support?

A. To send cartoon artists overseas as cultural ambassadors.

B. To propose “Nobel Prize of Manga”.

C. To name officials to advise ways of spreading Manga overseas.

D. To hand out i ts first “Nobel Prize of Manga”.

22.We can infer from what Aso said that .

A. Aso is presented with the International MangaAward because of his love of manga..

B. Aso wants to introduce Japanese culture to foreigners through manga.

C. Aso has suggested sending manga artists overseas for further study.

D. Aso hopes people overseas will take friendly attitudes to Japan because of Japanese favorable foreign policy.

23.The passage is mainly about .

A. the development of manga

B. the characteristics of manga

C. a brief introduction of manga

D. Nobel Prize of Manga

F

"Good morning, Discovery Center. We're happy to be here with you. I'm Barb Morgan. And we are ready for your first question. "

That was teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara Morgan, speaking from more than 320 kilometers above Earth. She was greeting the students in the northwestern state of Idaho. They gathered at the Discovery Center in Boise on Tuesday to ask the astronauts questions by video link.

Barbara Morgan taught elementary school in McCall, Idaho, before she trained for space. She and six other astronauts arrived Friday on the shuttle(航天飞机)Endeavour to bring supplies and new equipment to the international station. Barbara Morgan is fifty-five years old. She taught for many years before she became an astronaut.

One student asked, "Hi, I'm Sarah Blum. How does being a teacher relate with being an astronaut on this mission?" Barbara Morgan said "Well, actually, astronauts and teachers actually do the same things. We discover and we share. The great thing about being a teacher is that you get to do that with students. And the great thing about being an astronaut is you get to do it in

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space. And those are absolutely wonderful jobs."

Barbara Morgan first prepared for a shuttle flight more than twenty years ago. She trained in case NASA needed a substitute for Christa McAuliffe, its choice to become the first teacher in space. d340f233b90d6c85ec3ac651/

Then, in 1986, Christa McAuliffe died with the Challenger crew when the shuttle exploded shortly after launch. After the disaster, NASA officials barred other civilians from shuttle flights. But in 1998, they created a new position for teachers to become fully trained astronauts. Barbara Morgan is NASA's first "educator astronaut" launched into orbit.

One of her first tasks was to operate Endeavour's robotic arm to inspect the shuttle for any launch-related damage. Cameras showed a small area hit by a piece of protective foam（泡沫）that fell off the fuel tank. NASA officials say the damage is not a safety threat but they are deciding what to do about it.

24. Barbara Morgan is different from other astronauts on the shuttle in that _____.

A. she used to be a woman pilot

B. she used to be a teacher

C. she was chosen to become the first teacher in space

D. she was the first woman to travel in space

25. The chief aim of the space flight on the shuttle Endeavour was to_____.

A. bring supplies and new equipment to the international station

B. inspect the shuttle for any launch-related damage

C. give a music lesson by Barbara Morgan from space

D. launch a communication satellite

26. We can infer that _____.

A. Barbara Morgan prefers a teacher to an astronaut

B. Barbara Morgan prefers an astronaut to a teacher

C. Barbara Morgan like both a teacher and an astronaut

D. Barbara Morgan like neither a teacher nor an astronaut

27. If Christa McAuliffe had not been on the shuttle the Challenger in 1986, what would have happened?

A. Christa McAuliffe would have become a famous actress.

B. Barbara Morgan would have died.

C. nothing would have happened to the Challenger.

D. Barbara Morgan would have become a NASA official.

28. Which of the following is the right order about Barbara Morgan?

a. answered the questions in space

b. prepared for a shuttle flight more than twenty years ago

c. taught elementary school in McCall, Idaho

d. became a substitute for Christa McAuliffe

A. a, b, c, d

B. a, c, b, d

C. c, b, d, a

D. d, b, c, a

G

Are you happy? Do you remember a time when you were happy? Are you seeking happiness today?

Many have sought a variety of sources for their feeling of happiness. Some have put their

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heart and efforts into their work. Too many turned to drugs and alcohol. Meanwhile, untold numbers have looked for it in the possession of expensive cars, exotic（异国的）vacation homes and othe r popular “toys”. Most of their efforts have a root in one common fac t: people are looking for a lasting source of happiness.

Unfortunately, I believe that happiness escapes from many people because they misunderstand the journey of finding it. I have heard many people say that, “I?ll be happy when I get my new promotion,” or “I?ll be happy when I lose that extra 20 pounds.” It is dangerous because it accepts that happiness is a “response” to having, being or doing something.

In life, we all experience stimulus（激励）and response. Today, some people think that an expensive car is stimulus. Happiness is a response. A great paying job is stimulus. Happiness is a response. This belief leaves us thinking and feeling: “I?ll be happy when...”

It has been my finding that actually the opposite is true. I believe that happiness is a stimulus and response is what life brings to those who are truly happy. When we are happy, we tend to have more success in our work. When we are happy, we more naturally take better care of our bodies and enjoy good health. Happiness is not a response but a stimulus.

Happiness is a conscious choice we make in daily life. For unknown reasons to me, many choose to be upset and angry most of the time. Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we want — we usually get things we want after we choose to be happy.

29. From the second paragraph, we know to many people ________________.

A. they are not happy when they work hard

B. they are not happy when they drink or take drugs

C. they are happy when they possess their own expensive cars

D. they all desire exotic vacation homes

30. Generally speaking, most people feel happy because ____________.

A. they think happiness is rooted in their deep hearts

B. they get what they want to have

C. they get a great paying job

D. they get an expensive car

31. In the author?s opinion, which of the following is the most important if you want to be happy? __________.全品高考网

A. Losing weight

B. An expensive car

C. Success in work

D. Feeling happy

32. Which of the following is right according to the author? _____________

A. If you want to get what you want, you first choose to be happy.

B. We should try to get more and then we?ll be happy.

C. Most people today are happy.

D. Work is a necessary part in our daily life.

33. From the viewpoint of the author, happiness is ____________.

A. based on our needs

B. unconditional

C. out of reach

D. limited

H

American society reports many negative messages about bicycling in traffic. Bicycling in traffic is considered by many to be reckless（匆忙的）, foolhardy（草率的）, and sometimes rude. The most common advice given to cyclists is to avoid busy roads that provide convenient access to important places; presumably（据推测）cyclists should only go to unpopular destinations on undesirable and inconvenient roads. Another popular idea is that cyclists should stay as close to the edge of the road as possible in order to stay out of the way of cars. Getting in the way of cars is

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第 12 页 共 18 页 supposedly an invitation to certain death, because car drivers are often expected to run into anything that is slower or more vulnerable （易受伤的）.The rules of the road that apply to bicyclists are considered to be of no use because they involve mixed with motor traffic, which is thought to be suicide. Roads are believed to be designed for cars and not for bicycles, which are tolerated at the pleasure of motorists, who really own the roads. Inferior bicyclists may have an obsolete(不可再用的) legal right to use the road, but they had better stay out of the way of superior users or they will be "dead right."

As a result of these "common-sense" beliefs, American bike-safety programs developed by motoring organizations and "pedestrian-style" bicyclists during the twentieth century attempted to teach cyclists to provide a clear path to motorists at all times by hugging the edge of the road, riding on sidewalks where present, and even riding facing traffic so cyclists can see when to get out of the way. Some towns and states tried to prohibit bicyclists from operating on important roads or roads without shoulders. Engineering projects designed for "bicycle safety" have usually involved construction of mandatory （强制的）sidepaths to get cyclists off of roads and mandatory bike lanes to keep cyclists out of the way of motorists. The publicized benefit of these efforts is to protect cyclists from collisions from behind, which are widely believed to be the greatest danger to cyclists and caused by cyclists' failure to keep up with the desired speed of motor traffic. This is the taboo that afflicts American bicycle transportation policy: that bicyclists must be kept out of the paths of motorists or they will surely be killed.

34. In many people ?s eyes, bicycle should be _______________.

A. supported

B. banned

C. controlled

D. cancelled

35. From the first paragraph, the person riding a bicycle in the city should take ___________.

A. main roads

B. streets D. highways D. sidewalks

36. Why do many people not agree that people should ride on roads? _____________

A. Roads are for cars not for cyclists.

B. People riding bicycles are considered inferior.

C. People ?s riding on the road is against the law.

D. People riding bicycles are not experienced.

37. The underlined phrase “cyclists' failure to keep up with the desired speed of motor traffic.”in the second paragraph means ________________.

A. cyclists ? speed is beyond the limit

B. cyclists ? speed is much lower than that of motorists? and they easily get hurt

C. cyclists often compete with motorists on the roads

D. motorists usually look down upon cyclists.

38. The measures taken by government in some states in the second paragraph are for the purpose of ___________.

A. protecting people ?s convenience

B. protecting the cars and motors

C. protecting cyclists ? safety

D. protecting the flowing of the traffic

I

The campaign is over. The celebrations have ended. And the work for

US president-elect Barack Obama has begun.

The 47-year-old politician rose to the highest post because of his stand

against the war in Iraq and his plans to fix a weak economy. But what will

the first 47-year-old African-American president do for race relations?

Obama?s victory appears to have given blacks and other minorities

a

true national role model. For years, many looked to athletes and musicians for inspiration. As Darius Turner, an African-American high school student in Los Angeles, told the Los Angeles Times, “Kobe doesn?t have to be everybody?s role model anymore.”

Recent polls（民意测验）also suggest that Obama?s victory has given Americans new optimism about race relations. For example, a USA Today poll found that two-thirds of Americans believe relations between blacks and whites “will finally be worked out”. This is the most hopeful response since the question was first asked during the civil rights revolution in 1963.

However, it?s still too early to tell whether Obama?s presidency will begin to solve many of the social problems facing low-income black communities.

Although blacks make up only 13 percent of the US population, 55 percent of all prisoners are African-American. Such numbers can be blam ed on any number of factors on America?s racist past, a failure of government policy and the collapse(瓦解)of the family unit in black communities.

It is unlikely that Obama will be able to reverse (扭转) such trends overnight. However, Bill Bank, an expert of African-American Studies, says that eventually young blacks need to find role models in their own communities. “That?s not Martin Luther King, and not Barack Obama,” he told the Los Angeles Times. “It?s actually the people closest to them. Barack only has so much influence.”

In the opinion of black British politician Trevor Phillips, Obama?s rise will contribute more to multiculturalism than to race relations in the US.

“When the G8 meets, the four most important people in the room will be the president of China, the prime minister of India, the prime minister of Japan and Barak Obama,” he told London?s The Times newspaper. “It will be the first time we?ve seen that on our television screens. That will be a huge psychological shift (心理转变) for both the white people and the colored ones in the world.”全品高考网

39. For years, before Obama was elected president of the US, __________.

A. Kobe was the only role model for all the blacks

B. blacks could only find role models on the basketball court

C. minorities in America couldn?t find role models in their real life

D. American blacks had no role model who was successful in political area

40. According to Bill Bank, ____________.

A. it?s better for young blacks to find r ole models in those who are close to them

B. young blacks should not be so much influenced by Obama

C. blacks should find other role models because Obama is far from their reality

D. Obama is not the proper role model for African-Americans

41. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. The First African-American President

B. America?s New Role Model

C. Obama-- A Successful Black . Choosing a Right Role Model

42. What will be the huge psychological shift Trevor mentioned at the end of the passage?

A. The other three leaders all support Obama.

B. Obama is an African-American president.

C. None of the four leaders is white.

D. The other three leaders except Obama are from Asian countries.

J

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They influence everything from how we look and act to eat and speak and have even helped affect the course of history -- but they are not real.

And topping a list of “The 101 most influential people who never lived” in a book released on Tuesday is the Marlboro Man -- a macho（有男子气概的）American cowboy who emerged in the 1950s and helped boost sales of Marlboro cigarettes.

"The figments（虚构事物）of our imaginations, the creatures we push out of our minds into the real world are fully capable of pushing back with surprising consequences（后果）," Jeremy Salter, one of the US book's three authors said.

Coming in at number two on the list is Big Brother of George Orwell's 1984, followed by King Arthur, who the authors say embodies（是……的化身）for many the ideal monarch（君主）, and Santa Claus comes in at number four. "Santa Claus governs our entire economy for the last quarter of the year and without him many businesses would be closed down ," said co-author Allan Lazar.

Barbie“the plastic toy dull who became a role model for millions of little girls, setting an impossible standard for beauty and style” make the list at number 43.

“The idea came to us that influential characters didn't have to exist, that fictional characters were just as important in our lives, even in maybe some cases more so than real people,” Lazar said.

Even the Lock Ness Monster（湖怪）makes the list at number 56. “As the most popular tourist attraction in Scotland, Lock Ness Monster's influence on the cash （资金）flow of that country has been great,” wrote the authors of “The 101 most influential people who never lived.”

43. What does the sentence “Santa Claus governs our entire economy for the last quarter of the year” mean? 全品高考网

A. Santa Claus is very powerful in controlling the entire economy.

B. In winder many businesses are closely related to Santa Claus.

C. Santa Claus is very busy traveling in winter.

D. At the end of the year businesses are booming.

44. Which of the following has a great influence on the fashion of little girls?

A. The Lock Ness Monster.

B. Big Brother.

C. the Marlboro Man

D. Barbie.

45. Lock Ness has become the most popular tourist attraction in Scotland because of ____.

A. the Lock Ness Monster

B. its beautiful lake

C. its pleasant weather

D. the ancient legend.

46. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The most influential people who have lived in history.

B. People who have helped affect the course of history.

C. The most influential fictional people.

D. Marlboro Man and Marlboro cigarettes.

答案与解析：

A篇：

【文章大意】意大利巴里大学日前开展的一项研究表明，舒适愉悦的环境有助于减轻病人的痛苦。这一发现有力驳斥了认为医院不应该把钱浪费在艺术品装饰上的说法。研究人员相信新的研究会对患者疾病起到新的治疗作用。

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1.B考查猜测词义。根据文章的第一段最后一句as it suggests a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain.可以得出本题的答案为ease(缓解，减轻)，而不是“治愈”、“消灭”或“增加”。

2.C考查数字计算。本文提到的艺术家有Leonardo da Vinci ,Sandro Botticelli, Vincent Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Anonio Bueno ,Columbian Fernando Botero六人。

3.D考查推理判断。根据第三段内容可以知道D是正确的。A与第四段所叙述的内容不符合；B与第五段第一句所叙述的内容不一致；C与第五段中间部分的内容不同。

4.B考查推理判断。本段的最后一句的意思为：托马索教授说：“这些人不是艺术家，所以一些他们认为难看的作品其实都是世界名作。”，其言外之意就是---只有艺术家才能知道这些看似难看的作品其实都是世界名作。

5.A考查主题大意。根据全文内容和研究结果可以知道本题答案为A。而B、C只是其中的一个研究结果中的一部分，不能概括全文。D范围太大，不能概括全文的主要叙述内容。

B篇：

【文章大意】本文为应用文，是一个网上订宾馆网站的广告。

6. A考查主题大意。从全篇看出是讲述的一个宾馆的信息。

7. C考查推理判断。根据By car arriving north:可知前面谈到了坐小汽车从北部怎样到达宾馆，接下来很可能谈到坐小汽车从南部怎样到达宾馆。

8 A考查猜测词义。从文中判断应该是大城市的工业中心附近。

9. D考查细节理解。根据This hotel is located within the Kista Gallerian Shopping Mall in Kista,可知这个宾馆就坐落在一个购物城内，故顾客购物非常方便。C项原文并没有讲是免费洗衣。

10. B考查数字计算。根据文中第二段Established in 2002可判断。全品高考网

C篇

【文章大意】本文介绍“便装星期五”活动。在其他工作日，人们必须穿戴很正式。而到星期五，由于这时周末即将来临，一些公司也放松了对服装的限制，采用了商业便装。

11. B考查推理判断。依据文章Over time, some offices have relaxed their dress codes even more, adopting a business casual dress code every day.这一句话可知，随着时间的推移，一些公司也放松了对服装的限制，采用了商业便装。

12. A考查猜测词义。依据by taking a sense of formality and respect away可知，部分人认为穿便装就意味着不正规及尊重，所以，人们自然是评价不高。

13. D考查细节理解。依据文章倒数第二段第一句话可知，即使在便装星期五这一天，人们也不可以穿ABC这三类衣服，而依据第三段可知，Polo衫是可以穿的。

14. C考查推理判断。本文是介绍便装星期五的一篇文章。介绍了可以穿哪些衣服，显然是属于文化版块。

D篇：

美国的科学家发现，由动物粪便，植物杆，树木废料等加工成的生物炭可以有效改良土壤，提高作物产量，并能减少二氧化碳向空中的排放量。

15.A考查推理判断。文章说到Next the team will carry out a five-year study of biolchar with spinach(菠菜), green peppers and tomatoes.说明研究者们要对生化木炭继续研究下去。所以答案选A。

16. B考查推理判断。Biochar提高土壤肥力，也就提高了作物产量，可以减少二氧化碳的排

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放。B答案说可以它能被当作能源使用，这显然不符合文章的叙述，选B。

17. B考查细节理解。第四自然段中提到集约化生产向空中排放二氧化碳，而Biochar相反，它能把炭保持在地下。所以答案选B。

18. A考查主题大意。全文讲述的是Guo的研究结果，他从南美肥沃的土壤里研究发现生物炭可以提高土壤肥力。

E篇：

【文章大意】本文讲述的日本的漫画筹备“漫画界诺贝尔奖”的奖项事宜。

19 D考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“The International Manga Award …will be given to an artist working abroad whose work b est contributes to the spread of the manga form worldwide.”, 可知D项正确。

20 A考查推理判断。从第三段“Manga, a name used for Japanese style comic books…”可知manga指的是具有日本风格的漫画。

3.C考查细节理解。根据文章第七段“the government has named some officials to advise ways to promote Japanese carto on and culture to foreign audiences.”可知，日本政府已经任命了几个官员让他们建议如何把日本的漫画介绍给外国人。

4.B考查细节理解。根据第五段“I want to further improve the communicative power of these so-called …pieces of pop culture?.”，可知Aso希望manga能够上升到流行文化外交手段的高度。

5.D考查主旨大意。通读全文，可知日本政府正筹备一个号称“漫画界诺贝尔奖”的奖项，用以鼓励国外的漫画家，传播日本漫画文化。

F篇：

【文章大意】本文介绍了第一位进入太空的老师，她由一名老师变成了宇航员，这是继1986 年“挑战者号”爆炸后的一次成功飞行。

24. B考查细节理解。根据. She taught for many years before she became an astronaut.

可知，她过去当过教师，这一点是她与其他的专业宇航员不同的地方。。

25. A考查细节理解。根据She and six other astronauts arrived Friday on the shuttle Endeavour to bring supplies and new equipment to the international station可知这次太空飞行的主要目的是给国际空间站运送给养和新设备。

26. C考查推理判断。根据"Well, actually, astronauts and teachers actually do the same things…And those are abs olutely wonderful jobs."可知，Barbara Morgan既喜欢教师职业又喜欢宇航员的职业。

27. B考查推理判断。根据in case NASA needed a substitute for Christa McAuliffe可知Barbara Morgan当时是Christa McAuliffe的替补。“挑战者号”在升空的过程中爆炸了，可见，如果Christa McAuliffe不上飞船的话，上飞船遇难的应当是Barbara Morgan。

28. C考查细节理解。可采用首尾定位法。第一个事件是taught elementary school in McCall, Idaho，最后一个事件是answered the questions in space，故答案为C。

G篇：

【文章大意】生活中，我们经常会有不快乐的时候，事实上，我们只有先快乐，才能得到自己想要的。

29. C考查细节理解。第二段告诉我们：很多人喜欢致力于工作、许多人喜欢吸食毒品或者酗酒，因为他们觉得快乐，所以AB两项错误；第二段还告诉我们：许许多多的人拥有了自己的昂贵的汽车后,他们就找到了快乐，所以C项正确。而D项与原文叙述不符，太绝对化。

30. B考查推理判断。依据文章第四段可知，如今，人们都认为昂贵的轿车、高薪的工作都

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是一种刺激，而后才有了快乐，也就是说，他们得到了自己想要的东西，所以他们觉得快乐。所以A项说反了，CD是B的具体表现形式。

31. D 考查推理判断。文章最后两段说：幸福才是刺激，而非所得是刺激，所以，如果你觉得幸福，你就会获得更多的东西，包括工作上的更大的成功等。而ABC这些都是具体的实物上的，是大众的观点，而非作者的观点。

32. A考查细节理解。依据最后两段可知A正确，B正好与作者的观点相悖，CD两项文章没有讨论到，所以不正确。

33. B考查推理判断。依据作者的在最后三段的阐述，可知幸福是无条件的，觉得幸福你就会拥有你所想要的，而且还会超出你的想象，所以B项正确。

H篇

34. C考查细节理解。从第一段可知，在美国，骑自行车被许多人认为鲁莽、草率和粗鲁，他们应该走那些不好的路，应该受到管制。本文就是介绍在美国骑车的一些情况与许多的禁忌，以及政府采取的一些措施。

35. D考查细节理解。依据文章第一段“presumably（据推测）cyclists should only go to unpopular destinations on undesirable and inconvenient roads. Another popular idea is that cyclists should stay as close to the edge of the road as possible in order to stay out of the way of cars”可知，骑自行车的人应该走路边，而不是走车道，所以答案为D。

36. A考查细节理解。依据文章第一段“Roads are believed to be designed for cars and not for bicycles, which are tolerated at the pleasure of motorists, who really own the roads.”可知，A正确。

37. B考查猜测句意。依据该句话可知：骑自行车的人行驶在摩托车道，容易被追尾，因为自行车没有摩托车速度快。

38. C考查推理判断。依据文章第二段各地政府采取的措施，可知这些措施的共同点都是为了保护骑车者的生命安全。

第9篇

39.D考查推理判断。第三段说，奥巴马的当选给美国黑人和其他少数民族一个新的国家级偶像，多年来，人们将目光投向运动员和音乐家寻找激励自己的偶像。由此判断选D，在奥巴马成为美国总统之前，美国黑人在政治领域没有自己种族的偶像。

40.A考查推理判断。第七段Bill Bank说，年轻的黑人需要在自己社区寻找偶像，这个偶像不是马丁●路德●金，也不是奥巴马，而是离他们的生活很近的人，奥巴马的影响仅此而已。由此判断选A。

41.B考查主题大意。全文讲述美国新当选的黑人总统奥巴马成为美国人，尤其是美国黑人和少数民族的偶像。

42.C考查推理判断。最后一段说，奥巴马上任后，举办八国集团峰会时最重要的四个国家的领导人中有中国、印度、日本和美国黑人，这对于世界范围的白人和有色人种都是个很大的心理转变。从这些信息看，其含义是C，到那时，这重要的四个国家领导人中没有白人。

J篇：

【文章大意】这是一篇新书介绍。一本名为《最具影响力的101位虚构人物》的书新鲜出炉，书中虚构人物的影响无处不在，从人们的衣食住行到言谈举止，甚至影响了历史进程，但他们在现实生活中并不存在。

43. B考查猜测句意。根据这句话并结合后面一句话without him many businesses would be closed down 可知，一年最后一个季节的经济与圣诞老人密切相关。因为冬季处于圣诞节前后，许多行业能利用圣诞节赚很多钱。没有圣诞老人，很多企业会破产关闭。

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44. D考查细节理解。根据Barbie “the plastic toy dull who became a role model for millions of little girls, setting an impossible standard for beauty and style”可知芭比娃娃是无数小女孩心中所向往的“美丽和时尚”的典范。可见它影响小女孩对时尚的追求。

45. A考查推理判断。Lock Ness 成为苏格兰最受欢迎的旅游景点的原因没有直接讲到，但后面作者说Lock Ness湖怪对资金流入这个国家的影响是很大的，可见很多人去Lock Ness 是冲着湖怪去的。

45. C考查主题大意。纵观全文可知，短文主要介绍书中所出现的世界上最具影响力的虚构人物。故C最佳。

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