外研版八年级下册英语知识语法汇总 - 图文

Module 1 Hobbies

语法·剖析·活用

简单句的五种句子结构

Ⅰ.句子的种类

按交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 按结构可分为简单句、并列句与复合句。 Ⅱ.简单句

简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成，其陈述句的肯定式有以下五种基本句型：

【主语(S)、谓语(V)、表语(P)、宾语(O)、宾语补足语(OC）】

序号 1 结构 Ｓ Ｖ S V P S V O S V Oi Od S V O C 讲解 该句型中的谓语为不及物动词。谓语动词的前面可加情态动词或助动词。如果多个谓语动词并列，可用and，but等并列连词将它们连接起来。谓语动词在人称和数上须与主语保持一致。 此句中的动词为连系动词，连系动词常用的有be，become等，部分行为动词在某些时候也可以用作连系动词，如:get，keep，turn，grow等。有些感官动词也可以作连系动词，如:look，sound，taste，smell，feel等。 例句 The first book came out in 2003. He is running fast. Trees are green. Mrs. Smith is a doctor. They are interested in P.E. 2 3 4 5 He saw a film. 此句中的动词为及物动词。动词后接宾语时应该用及物动词，Jim may visit his parents 若为不及物动词则须在动词后加上合适的介词。 tomorrow. 此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面接两个宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。一般是―主谓＋间宾＋直宾‖，I will give you a book. 也可以是―主谓＋直宾＋介词＋间宾‖。可接双宾语的常见动词She bought a present for 有：ask，give，send，buy,sell,bring，pass，tell，show，teach，her parents. promiser等。 该句型中的―宾语 +宾语补足语‖又叫做―复合宾语‖，其特点是The news made everyone 宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。可接复合宾语的常happy. 见动词有：ask，tell，find，help，like，take，make，let，call，He wants me to help him. watch，see，have等。

Ⅲ.there be 句型

there be句型的结构是―there be +某人/某物+某时/某地‖，含义是―在某时或某地有某人或某物‖。

从以上讲解中我们可以初步掌握英语句子结构的一些特点：英语的句子以谓语为中心，前面是动作的执行者，后面是动作的承受者。除了基本成分之外，状语也很重要。状语可以位于句首，也可以置于谓语之后。一般来说，置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因状语，置于谓语之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随状语。

一般过去时和现在完成时的区别

Ⅰ.时间上有差异

一般过去时与现在没有关系，与表示过去的时间状语连用，如:ago，last year，just now，the other day等。现在完成时与现在有关系,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: He has come back home.（说明现在他在家。）

He came back home last year.（只能说明他去年回来过,不能说明他现在在不在家，可能后来又出去了,但至今未归。)

Ⅱ.结果上有差异

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作，现在完成时强调对―现在‖的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。一般过去时强调动作发生在―过去‖，和现在没有关系。 【活学活用】 单项选择

1）She ________the piano for six years，but she doesn‘t play now. A. have played B.played C.has played

答案：B 从后半句可以判断她已经不再弹钢琴了，说明前面的动作和现在已经没有关系，只是单纯地陈述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。 2）We ________ the museum yesterday. A. visited B.visit C.have visited

答案：A 有明显的过去时间状语yesterday，可以判断用一般过去时。 3）I ________ stamps since I was ten years old. A. collected B.have collected C.am collecting

答案：B since“自从??”是现在完成时的一个标志性词语，表示动作从某时开始一直延续，所以用现在完成时。

4）I ________ to school yesterday because I was ill. A. went B.haven‘t gone C.didn‘t go 答案：C 全句为因果关系，应该是“生病没有上学”，所以否定A项；陈述昨天的事情，没提到和现在的关系，所以应用一般过去时。 5）I ________ in Beijing for ten years. A. lived B.have lived C.has lived 答案：B 句意为“我住在北京已经十年了”，没有任何其他提示，表示现在仍住在北京。

典题精讲 经典例题

在对话的空格处填上适当的单词，使对话完整、正确，每空一词。 A: Mum，which TV program(节目）are you 1 ? B:Oh，I‘m watching a Beijing Opera.

A: Is that 2 interesting than a football game?

B:Yes，I think 3 .I prefer(更喜欢)a Beijing Opera 4 a football game. A:Er...but I don‘t like it. Shall we watch a cartoon 5 ? B:OK.Which 6 is your favorite TV program on? A: It‘s usually 7 on Channel 8. B:But I can‘t get 8 . A: Well，it must 9 on Channel 6 then. Try that.

B:Here it is.The cartoon 10 just begun. Let‘s watch it together. A: That‘s all right. 思路解析：

1.从下文问话―我正在看京剧‖中可以看出，上句话中问的是―看什么‖。答案:watching

2.从后面的than 可以看出这是一个比较级，因为interesting是个多音节形容词。答案：more 3.从答语yes，可以看出是肯定的形式。答案：so 4. prefer...to...―喜欢……胜过……‖。答案：to

5.提出建议―我们来看卡通片而不要看京剧和球赛‖，要用一个词表达此意。答案:instead 6.从末尾的介词―on‖判断，最爱的电视节目在哪个频道。答案：channel

7.上演或是播出,但注意主语是it，所以应用被动语态。答案:showed 8. not...anything=nothing。答案:anything

9.must后面要接动词原形，be on channel 6 ―在6频道‖。答案：be 10.just暗示本句应该是现在完成时。答案:has

黑色陷阱：本题有两处陷阱，一是第6题，如果注意不到后面的介词on，很容易理解成―你最喜欢什么电视节目‖，而本题是最喜欢的节目在哪个频道，所以要填channel而不是program。第二处是第7题，很容易让人凭直觉填be，说明卡通节目在第八频道，陷阱是前面已经有be动词is了。所以填be 不对，并且还要注意动词的被动语态的运用。

绿色通道：解答此类题一定要先通读全文，对对话的主要内容有一个大概的理解，并充分利用好上下文所提供的信息，注意每一处细节，对号入座，对所填的内容要进行检验，看句子是否通顺，文章是否合情理。

原创题

根据表格和短文判断正（T）误（F）。

Recently we have made a survey about the teenagers‘ hobbies. Here‘s the result. Boys Girls Singing √ Playing computer games √ Growing Vegetables √ √ Playing Football √ Dancing √ Playing table tennis √ √ Collecting Dolls √ It‘s very interesting to see the hobbies above. The teenagers like their hobbies because they like to learn new things and develop new skills. For example，playing football can make them strong and understand the importance of team work. Growing vegetables can help their family. ( ）1.The boys like dancing and singing.

( ）2.Both the boys and the girls like growing vegetables and playing table tennis. ( ）3.Collecting dolls can make the girls strong. ( ）4.Playing football is a team-work sport.

( ）5.The boys don‘t like playing computer games. 思路解析：

1.F 从图表中可以判断，喜欢唱歌跳舞的应该是女孩子。

2.T 从图表中可以判断男孩和女孩都喜欢的两项是growing vegetables和playing table tennis。

3.F 收集洋娃娃不是一个锻炼体能的爱好，所以不能使人变强壮。

4.T 从文中的例子可以看出踢足球能使人理解团队合作的重要性，所以应该是一项团队运动。

5.F 从图中可以直接判断此项描述不合文意。

黑色陷阱：第4题考查理解能力，第5题考查反向思维能力。

绿色通道：注意英文图表题，一定不要落下任何一个细节，要从细节中发现东西，也可以带着问题去读表。

巧学法园地

come out 一词多义

太阳星星升起，花儿绽放，消息传出，新书出版，均用come out。

Module 2 Friendship

语法·剖析·活用

宾语从句

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。 Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为―是否‖。如： I am not sure if you are right.我不确信你是否正确。

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如： I want to know where he came from.我想知道他从哪里来。 Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序

句式 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 连词 That if/whether 特殊疑问词 语序 不变 改为陈述语序 改为陈述语序 例句 I think that we can be good friends. I can‘t remember if I posted the letter. He asked who was our English teacher. Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应

主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，则从句应用一般过去时，不用过去完成时；如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。如： She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。 【活学活用】 单项选择

1）I hope ________ it will snow this winter. A. when B.if C.whether D./

答案：D hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。 2)—I don‘t know ________ Mr.Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English. A.why B.when C.how D.where 答案：A 从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。 3)I can‘t remember ________ I have seen him before. A.whether B.why C.what D.how 答案：A 本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。 4)—Do you know ________？I‘m going to see him. —Sorry，I don‘t know. A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived

答案：C 宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。 5)—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？ —Sorry，I have no idea. A.／；bought B.has；bought C.did；buy D.does；buy 答案：A do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。 6)I can‘t understand ________ he likes computer games so much. A.that B.whether C.why D.where 答案：C 句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。

7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?

—Sorry，I have no idea. A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for

答案：C 宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。 8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I don‘t know ________ tomorrow.Can you tell me? A.when we started B.when did we start C.when we will start D.when will we start 答案：C 由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。

典题精讲 经典例题

例1 In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ________ Who Moved My  Cheese was an interesting book. A.that B.how C.what D.if 思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是―一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣‖。所以答案是D项。答案：D

黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。

绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。

例2 I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when 思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是―比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑‖，应该用when表示―当……时‖，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案：D

黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。

绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。

例3 (2010江苏苏州中考)—I wonder ________. —Zebras.

A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animals C.what they call these animals D.how do they call these animals

思路解析：本句含义是―我想知道他们叫这些动物什么‖，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本句容易译成―他们怎样称呼这些动物‖而错选how，注意本句中隐含句型call sb. sth.含义是―称呼某人……‖。

绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。

例4 (2010北京中考)I‘m different from my twin sister.I love dancing，________ she is interested in reading. A.so B.or C.but D.and 思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D项。

绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。

例5 (2010重庆中考)Work hard，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon. A.or B.but C.and D.yet

思路解析：本句是―祈使句＋and‖的句型，句意为―努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的‖，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于―祈使句＋or‖，这个句型的含义是―……，不然的话/否则……‖。

绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定。

原创题

There are more and bigger tree-planting programs(项目）than any other country in the world.Since 1979，March 12th has been Tree Planting Day in China.Between 1982 and 2004，44 billion trees have been planted on 53.4 million hectares(亩）of land.In 2004，2.5 billion trees were planted in China.There are many projects(规划） to protect environment.Here are some examples.

● In 2001，Korea offered $6 million for a 5-year project to plant trees，starting with a project to prevent soil erosion（侵蚀）at the Miyun Reservoir in Beijing‘s northern suburbs.

● In 2001 the Japan Bank for International Co-operation put in $ 67.5 million for tree planting projects in Jiangxi Province.They plan to plant 219000 hectares with trees by 2009.

● Nokia started a ―Friendship Forestry‖ project.5000 people across China—employees of Nokia，its partners and customers—planted trees covering 150000 square meters.They plan to continue and extend the project. 根据短文回答问题。

1.When is the Tree Planting Day?

________________________________________.

2.How much money did Korea offer for a 5-year project to plant trees? ________________________________________. 3.What is the name of Nokia‘s project to plant trees? ________________________________________. 4.How many trees were planted in 2004 in China? ________________________________________.

思路解析：1.March 12th. 从―Since 1979，March 12th has been Tree Planting Day in China.‖中可以看出答案。

2.It offered $6 million for the project. 由第二段第一句描述可知。 3.Friendship Forestry

4.In 2004，2.5 billion trees were planted in China.

黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱主要是数字和一些专有名称较多，容易让人觉得文章很难。 绿色通道：做这种题，可以用―地毯式‖搜索的方法，同时注意答题尽量规范和完整。

巧学法园地

学习宾从三注意：时态语序和连词。

时态主从要呼应：

主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；

语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 that连接陈述句，省与不省没关系。 从句若表―是否‖时，if，whether 均可替。 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题须记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。

Module 3 On the radio

语法·剖析·活用

动词不定式和动名词作宾语

在英语中，介词宾语常用动名词，不用不定式。而动词宾语，有用动名词，有时用不定式，用动名词和不定式意义变化不大，有时意义却相差甚远。

有的动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，如：enjoy，mind，miss，finish，practice，suggest，feel like等。

I enjoy playing basketball with you.我喜欢和你打篮球。

有的动词后面只能接不定式作宾语，如：ask，agree，decide，happen，hope，plan，promise，would like，want等。

She promised to return in an hour.她答应一小时后回来。

有的动词后面可以接两种形式作宾语，表达的意思有的差别不大，有的差别很大，要根据具体情况区别对待。

We should continue learning(to learn).我们应当继续学习。（差别不大） I remember telling him the news.我记得告诉过他这个消息了。(已告诉) Please remember to tell him the news.记得告诉他这个消息。（未告诉） 常见的意义差别较大的词：

1）remember，forget，regret等接动名词表示动作已经发生，接不定式表示动作尚未发生。 2）stop doing 表示―停止做某事‖，stop to do表示―停止(某事)开始做另一件事‖。 3）try doing 试着做，try to do 设法、尽力做某事。

4）like，hate，prefer等词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语；如指特定的或具体某次行动，用不定式时多。 【活学活用】 翻译句子

1）他停止吸烟了。________________________________________ 答案：He stopped smoking.

2）我想要去长城。________________________________________ 答案：I want to go to the Great Wall.

3）我许诺要帮他。________________________________________ 答案：I promised to help him.

4）让我试着读读它吧。________________________________________ 答案：Let me try reading it.

5）我记得把信都寄出去了。________________________________________ 答案：I remember posting the letters.

典题精讲 经典例题

假设你所在的学校要出一期英语壁报，你准备就自己经历的一件事写一篇英语短文向壁报投稿。下面五幅图记录了你上个星期六与老师和同学们到南河边参加植树活动的全过程，请你就以下五幅图写一篇英文短文。

注意：1.短文内容要包括所有图画中的主要内容。 2.词数：70~90

3.生词提示：桶bucket；锄头hoe 参考答案：

Last Friday，our teacher told us that we would go to plant trees by the South River the next day.On Saturday morning I got up at six thirty and went to school with a bucket.My classmates were waiting at the school gate with buckets and hoes.

When we got to the South River，we began to plant trees on the river bank.On the river bank some students were digging holes，and the others were planting or watering the young trees.

After we finished our work，we were happy to see the young trees we planted on the river bank.

思路解析：看图要首先确定内容要点：①上星期五老师告诉我们―明天去南河边植树‖；②上星期六（第二天）早上六点半我就起床了；③我带着桶去学校，同学们带着桶、锄头在校门口等待；④到南河边，我们开始植树（也可描写劳动场面）；⑤看着新种下的树，我们都很高兴。

黑色陷阱：注意本文让描述经历过的一件事，所以要用过去时态来陈述整个事件。

绿色通道：做看图作文，注意一定要分析好题意，不要跑题，然后确定时态，最后再落笔成文。注意书写过程中要力求规范，不要涂抹。

原创题

阅读理解

The first newspaper in the USA came out in 1690，and was made in Boston and called Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.It was stopped after a short time.The first lasting newspaper also came from Boston，and was called simply Boston Newsletter.It was published(出版）from 1704 to 1722.The first real newspaper was the New England Courant which started in 1721.By 1783 there were 43 newspapers in the USA and by 1801，about 200.

In 1835，James Gordon Bennet started The New York Herald which was America‘s first modern newspaper.This was followed six years later by Horace Greeley‘s New York Tribune, which was the first American newspaper with national influence rather than just local.The New Times followed in 1851.

1.What‘s the name of America‘s first modern newspaper? A.Boston Newsletter. B.The New Times.

C.The New York Herald.

D.Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic.

2.When was the first real newspaper start? A.1690. B.1835. C.1721. D.1851. 3.Which newspaper has national influence rather than just local? A.Boston Newsletter. B.New York Tribune. C.The New York Herald.

D. Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic. 4.When was New York Tribune published? A.1783. B.1801. C.1835. D.1841. 5.How many newspapers were there by 1801? A.43. B.200. C.6. D.18.

思路解析：1.C 由第二段第一句话可以看出答案是The New York Herald。

2.C 从―The first real newspaper was the New England Courant which started in 1721‖可以看出第一份真正意义上的报纸出版于1721。

3.B 从倒数第二句可以看出在全国有影响的是New York Tribune。

4.D 从文中可以看出New York Tribune在The New York Herald出版六年后出版的，所以应该是1835 年加上六年，答案是D。

5.B 从第一段末句―By 1783 there were 43 newspapers in the USA and by 1801，about 200.‖可以看出，在美国到1783年只有43种报纸，到1801 年，大约有200 种了。

黑色陷阱：本题陷阱有两个，一是第4题，问New York Tribune出版的时间，要计算才能得出结果；二是第5题，要真正读懂句意，才能得出答案。 绿色通道：做阅读理解时，故事性的要通读全文，找出主旨。说明性的则可以用跳读的方法，查找有用信息，为己所用。

巧学法园地

巧记跟动名词作宾语的动词

英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段常见的有：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,practice等。这些词句可按下面的顺口溜记忆： 完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,be worth,be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on,be used to,give up）

考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can‘t help,feel like) 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind） 举例：

Would you mind opening the door?你介意把门打开吗？ When we heard news,we couldn‘t help laughing. 当我们听到这个消息时，忍不住大笑起来。

Module 4 New technology

语法·剖析·活用

If 从句（1）

在英语中，表达―如果……‖要用if 引导的条件状语从句。首先看一下它的结构：

―if 从句＋祈使句‖或―祈使句＋if 从句‖。if引导的是一个完整的句子，一定要有主语。如： If you need help，please call me.如果你需要帮助，请给我打电话。

We will go out for a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow.如果明天阳光明媚，我们就外出野餐。

【活学活用】 用if连接下面的句子

1）She didn‘t know the way to the station.Ask someone around.

答案：If she didn‘t know the way to the station，ask someone around. 2）You are hungry.Go to the KFC.

答案：If you are hungry，go to the KFC.

3）You don‘t understand the article.Ask your teacher.

答案：If you don‘t understand the article，ask your teacher. 4）You don‘t know the word.Look it up in the dictionary.

答案：If you don‘t know the word，look it up in the dictionary. 5）We get lost.Ask the policeman for help.

答案：If we get lost，ask the policeman for help.

典题精讲 经典例题

(2010辽宁十一市中考)

Do you believe there are aliens(外星人)? Well，make a phone call and you will know.A group of Americans can help.They made a device(装置）to ―talk‖ to aliens.If you want to talk to an alien，you only need to visit，call 1-900-226-0300 and say:―Hello aliens，this is Earth calling.Can you hear me?‖ you can say anything you want.

But now，they only take phone calls from people in the US.The call is $3.99 every minute.After the hotline began in February，www.TalkToAliens.com has got hundreds of calls.There is one call every three minutes.They are also trying to send people‘s e-mails，photos and videos into space.

1.If you live in America and you want to know whether there are any aliens，________. A.you can make a phone call B.you can go to America for help C.you can ask any scientist for help D.you can talk to aliens

2.www.TalkToAliens.com is a place where ________. A.you can get some knowledge about aliens B.you can talk to aliens C.the aliens live

D.you can make a set of device to talk to aliens 3.Which is NOT right?

A.Only from the USA can call 1-900-226-0300.

B.People from any country can call 1-900-226-0300 now.

C.If you call the hotline for two minutes，you should pay $7.98. D.Every three minutes there is someone calling 1-900-226-0300. 4.From this article(文章）we know ________.

A.there is only one call after the hotline began in February B.there are some aliens in the world

C.some Americans are trying to send information about humans into space D.if you pay $2.99 for a minute，you can talk to aliens

思路解析：1.A 文章第一句话以自问自答的方式，告诉了我们如果想要知道有没有外星人

的办法——打电话。

2.B 从―If you want to talk to an alien，you only need to visit www.TalkToAliens.com‖中可以看出，这是一个可以和外星人讲话的地方。

3.B 从―But now，they only take phone calls from people in the US.‖可以看出，不是任何国家的人都可以打这个电话。

4.C 文章的最后一句话，告诉了我们科学家正尽力把邮件、照片和录像等送入太空。 黑色陷阱：

第2题中的网址并非我们习惯上的理解——查找信息或是资料，而是一个可以与外星人讲话的地方。第3题要注意是选择不对的答案，要审好题。

绿色通道：

这种科普类的文章，相对来说比较难懂，所以并不需要每句都理解，只要通过跳读的方式找出有用信息，可以带着问题去读文章，例如最后一题，也可以采用排除法把绝对不对的答案排除掉，缩小信息范围。

原创题

短文改错：(每行有一个错误)

It is important working at your computer correctly. 1.________ You should sit in the front of the computer for too long. 2.________ Make sure you take a rest for your eyes or your body. 3.________ You shouldn‘t sit bad，either.Make sure that 4.________ your chair，desk and computer is in the correct place. 5.________ Don‘t hurt you hands-you should only type for short periods. 6.________ Make sure what you look after yourself well. 7.________ 思路解析：1.working→to work

2.去掉第一个the in the front of 表示―在……（内部的）前部‖。 3.or→and 此处不应是选择关系，是眼睛和身体同时需要休息。 4.bad→badly 应该用副词修饰动词sit。

5.is→are 主语是多者并列，故是复数形式。

6.第一个you→your 此处应该用形容词性物主代词。 7.what→that make sure后的that引导宾语从句。

黑色陷阱：本题是改错题，每一个错误都是一个陷阱，应认真审题，仔细分析，准确运用所学知识答题。

绿色通道：注意短文改错的几大常规错误：名词单复数和所有格，主谓搭配，形容词和副词的混用，并列结构的动词形式、谓语时态、固定搭配、连词混用等。

巧学法园地

不规则动词巧记 1.巧记AAA型动词

英语中有些动词的动词原形、过去式、过去分词三者一样，可以简记为：

击中 受伤 让 吐痰， （hit hurt let spit) 去掉 花费 读 放 砍。 (rid cost read put cut)

2.巧记下列不规则动词

（A）

sink→sank→sunk 沉下 swim→swam→swum游泳 drink→drank→drunk喝 ring→rang→rung响 begin→began→begun开始 sing→sang→sung唱

记忆方法：沉下游泳把水喝，铃响开始唱山歌。

（B）

lie→lied→lied→lying说谎 lie→lay→lain→lying躺；位于 lay→laid→laid→laying产卵，下蛋

记忆方法：规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋又规则。

（C）

catch→caught→caught teach→taught→taught bring→brought→brought buy→bought→bought fight→fought→fought think→thought→thought seek→sought→sought

beseech→besought→besought（恳求） 记忆方法：有a则a，无a则o。

Module 5 Problems

语法·剖析·活用

If 从句（2）

if不仅可以构成―if+祈使句‖ 结构， 根据句意的需要，if 后面也可以接其他形式的句子。注意它有以下特点：

1.if 从句中用一般现在时，表示未来的一种条件，从句中可以加时间状语。如： If it rains tomorrow,we won‘t have a school trip. 如果明天下雨，我们将取消学校的郊游。

2.当if 表示未来的条件时，通常表示一种假设，这时如果主句是将来时态，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：

If you don‘t work hard,you will fail in the exam. 如果你不努力学习的话，考试你会通不过。

【活学活用】 根据问句写出自己的答案，注意时态。 1)If you worry about too much,what will happen to you? ________________________________________ 答案：If I worry about too much, my head will ache. 2)If you get up late,what will you do?

________________________________________

答案：If I get up late, I will ask my father drive me to school.

3)If you eat too much,what will happen to you? ________________________________________ 答案：If I eat too much, I will put on weight. 4)If you get lost in a new place,what will you do? ________________________________________

答案：If I get lost in a new place, I will ask the policeman for help.

典题精讲 经典例题 阅读理解

(2010重庆中考)

Sunny English Club

For students

16:00-18:00 Every Saturday

200 yuan a month 9 Zhou Yu Street Tel:3785290

Foreign teachers,English songs and films and more!Ocean Museum

9:00-17:00 From Thursday to Sunday

Ticket:50 yuan 132 Xue Yuan Street

Tel:5439871

Show you a full picture of sea lives!

Health Centre 9:00-17:30 16 Yong Le Street Tel:3801451

Free examinations for those over 70 Give you good advice to keep healthy!

1.Sunny English Club is for ________. A.nurses B.policemen C.businessmen D.students 2.You will pay ________ if you want to stay in the English club for half a year. A.300 yuan B.600 yuan C.1200 yuan D.2400 yuan 3.You can visit Ocean Museum ________. A.on Saturday B.on Wednesday C.on Monday D.anytime 4.One can get free examinations in Health Centre if he is ________. A.9 B.17 C.67 D.73 5.If you are interested in the life of fish,you should go to ________. A.Health Centre B.Ocean Museum C.Sunny English Club D.16 Yong Le Street

思路解析：本文以海报的形式介绍了阳光英语俱乐部、海洋博物馆、健康中心的一些基本信息。第一张海报的标题下面直接指出了第一题的答案D项。因为英语俱乐部的会费是一个月200元，半年就是1200元，所以第2题答案是C项。海洋馆的时间是周四到周六，所以第3题选A项。健康中心70岁以上免费，所以第4题选D项。鱼的生活只有在海洋馆才看

得到，第5题选B项。

黑色陷阱：本文的陷阱之一是考查反映能力，也就是其中的2、3两题。

绿色通道：做这种表列举式的阅读题，主要考查细心和耐力，一定要眼和脑同时到位，既要看全面，又要思维缜密。

原创题

根据所给汉语提示，在短文的每个空白处填上一个适当的词，使句意完整、正确，将答案写在下面的横线上。

Someone asks 1 we learn English in China.Because it is 2 of the world‘s 3 important languages and it is also widely used 4 the modern world.If you travel all over the world,you‘ll find English 5 .It‘s widely used for business 6 different countries.And three quarters of the world‘s books and newspapers are 7 in English.If you know English,you can 8 so many good books.It‘s really a bridge to so much knowledge.

So we must do more listening,speaking,reading and writing.If you work hard 9 English,it‘s not 10 to learn it well.

1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________

参考答案：1.why 2.one 3.most 4.in 5.everywhere 6.between 7.written 8.enjoy 9.on 10.difficult

思路解析：因为中文提示的存在,大大降低了文章的难度，要在提示的前提下,注意选词的准确性,还要注意中英文在语言习惯上的不同。 如：第5题,要用一个词准确地表达 ―无处不在‖；而第7题，在英语表达上要用被动语态,而非主动形式; 第9题,在某方面下工夫,结合所给work hard...后加宾语要用介词on。

绿色通道：熟练运用固定搭配,并严格注意中英文的切换,注意英语动词分及物和不及物动词,不及物动词后不能加宾语,且没有被动的形式。

巧学法园地

if条件句歌诀

if是个连词,含义多多,其中一个含义是―如果‖,可以用来引导条件状语从句。if条件从句的主要用法可用下面的口诀来概括: if条件句不一般,几个要点记心间。

条件句放在前,逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能,主句多用将来时； 条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。 if条件句有特点,现在时把将来替；

这个规则要牢记!

注释：（1）if引导的条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面。如: I‘ll only stay if you offer me more money. 如果你肯多给钱,我就留下。

此外,if引导的条件句还可直接放在句首。不过,若放于句首,if条件句后面要加逗号和主句隔开。如:

If you go to the party,you will have a great time!如果你去参加晚会,你将玩得非常开心! （2）如果if条件句谈论的是今后可能出现的情况,则主句大多用一般将来时。 （3）若条件句谈论的是客观事实,则主句大多用一般现在时。

（4）在if引导的条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时表示将来。

Module 6 Entertainment

语法·剖析·活用

直接引语和间接引语

直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

变化内容 直接引语 间接引语 宾语从句的谓语动词作如下变化： 一般现在时→一般过去时 一般过去时→过去完成时 一般将来时→过去将来时 现在进行时→过去进行时 现在完成时→过去完成时 宾语从句的谓语动词的时态不作任何变化 动词表示客观真理仍用一般现在时态，不必变为过去时态;动词过去进行时态或过去完成时态保留，不必变化;有具体的过去时间状语，谓语动词用一般过去时态，不必变为过去完成时态。 改为与主句的主语相同的人称 改为第一人称 不变 改为that/those 分别改为then,that day,the next day,the day before,before 改为there 改为go 改为ask/want/beg/tell/order sb. 主句谓语动词是过去时态 动词时态 主句谓语动词是一般现在时态或一般将来时态 主句谓语动词是一般过去时态 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 this/these now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,ago Here Come say to sb. 人称/物主/反身等代词 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语 动词

【活学活用】 单项填空

1)A computer can only do ________ you have told it to do. A.how B.after C.what D.when 答案：C 本题的what既是引导词，又是从句中do的宾语。 2)—Do you remember ________ he came? —Yes，I do.He came by car. A.how B.when C.that D.if 答案：A 从答语by car 来看，应该问的是他来的方式。 3)He asked ________ for the violin. A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid

答案：D 注意间接引语要用陈述语序。 4)I want to know ________ you have a brother. A.if B.that C.those D.them 答案：A 要理解句意，然后确定引导词，if在句中意为“是否”。

5)(2010湖南长沙中考) —What did your mother say on the phone? —She asked ________. A.why did I fail the test B.why I failed the test C.why did you fail the test

答案：B 间接引语要用陈述语序，排除A、C两项。

典题精讲 经典例题

例1 (2010河北中考) Do you remember ________? A.where did you buy the dictionary B.where you bought the dictionary C.where do you buy the dictionary D.where you buy the dictionary

思路解析：首先判断空格处为宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除A、C两项。因为主句的动词是一般现在时态，后面从句的时态不受主句限制，根据实际情况，应该用一般过去时，所以选B项。答案：B

黑色陷阱：陷阱之一是语序问题，之二是从句的时态。

绿色通道：注意当主句的主语是一般过去时态时，从句的时态要受主句限制。如果从句的主语是一般现在时，则根据具体情况选择时态。

例2 (2010浙江温州中考) —Do you know ________? —Yes. He came here for his sports shoes. A.why did he come here B.when he came here C.why he came here D.when did he come 思路解析：根据下面答语的提示，可以判断应该是询问来这里的原因，所以排除B、D两项；然后从语序上排除A项。答案是C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：陷阱之一是引导词的确定，陷阱之二是宾语从句的语序问题。

绿色通道：注意上下文有一定的逻辑关系，任何一句话都不是白给的，所以一定要把题读完整，不能读到一半而盲目判断。

例3 (2010浙江中考) —I wonder ________. —Zebras.

A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animals C.what they call these animals D.how do they call these animals

思路解析：从语序上可以直接排除A、D两项； 然后确定引导词，注意本题中隐含一个短语call sb. sth.，意为―叫/称呼……（某个名字）‖，所选词一定要既能充当宾语，又能充当引导词。所以选C项。答案：C

黑色陷阱：在how 和what 的判断上，容易误解为―他们怎么称呼这些动物‖，而根据此句意直接选how。但注意how是用来表示方式的，不能充当宾语。

绿色通道：宾语从句和间接引语考查的内容基本上就是时态、语序和引导词，但要注意如果从句内容是客观真理，一定要用一般现在时。

原创题

按顺序在文中标出间接引语的句子并把它改成直接引语。 It is my first day in the new term.

When I got to school,I met my friend Tina.She said I looked great.I asked her where she had gone during her holiday.She said that she had gone to Beijing and visited the Great Wall.She also asked me if I had had a good time.

We went to our classroom together for our first lesson.Mr.Ding asked what we did during the holiday.Then he said he wanted us to write a small article about our holiday.I wrote it in English.When Mr.Ding read it,he said it was very good.

After school I went back home.I told my parents about my school life.They told me that they were proud of me.

参考答案：

It is my first day in the new term.

When I got to school,I met my friend Tina.1.She said I looked great.2.I asked her where she had gone during her holiday.3.She said that she had gone to Beijing and visited the Great Wall.4.She also asked me if I had had a good time. We went to our classroom together for our first lesson.5.Mr.Ding asked what we did during the holiday.6.Then he said he wanted us to write a small article about our holiday.I wrote it in English.When Mr.Ding read it,7.he said it was very good. After school I went back home.I told my parents about my school life.8.They told me that they were proud of me. 1.She said,―You look great！‖

2. I said to her,―Where did you go during the holiday?‖ 3.She said,―I went to Beijing and visited the Great Wall.‖ 4.She also asked,―Did you have a good time?‖

5.Mr.Ding asked,―What did you do during the holiday?‖

6.Then he said,―I want you to write a small article about your holiday.‖ 7.he said,―It is good!‖

8.They said,―We are proud of you.‖ 思路解析：陈述句和疑问句的间接引语实际上就是宾语从句，所以做题过程中只要找出哪些是宾语从句即可。

黑色陷阱：直接引语和间接引语的转化过程中，人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语等都可以说是潜在的陷阱。

绿色通道：直接引语变间接引语时要注意人称代词及时态、语序等的相应变化。

巧学法园地

直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化规律 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

注释：1.直接引语的主语是第一人称时，变间接引语时，人称代词要与主句的主语保持一致。 2.直接引语的主语是第二人称时，变间接引语时，人称代词要与主句的宾语保持一致。 3.直接引语的主语是第三人称时，变间接引语时人称代词保持不变。

Module 7 Feelings and expressions

语法·剖析

1.在英语中，后面接形容词作表语的动词叫做连系动词。在本单元中，我们主要学习感官类系动词。



2.描述人的外貌与性格的形容词或名词归类如下: Age old,young, middle-aged Height tall, short Size slim,heavy,well-built Hair long,short,straight,curly(卷曲的),dark,fair Face glasses,beard,moustache Impression cheerful,friendly,lively,polite,rude,warm 典题精讲 经典题型  填句子完成对话

A：Hi,Bill! You’re reading the novel again. B：Yes,Tom.I’ll never be tired of it. A： (1) ?

B：Three times.Every time I read it,I can always learn something new. A：Really? (2) 

B：Charles Dickens.I think he is a great English writer.What about you?

A： (3) .He is also my favorite foreign writer.Please let me have a look at it. B：OK,here you are!... What do you think of this novel?

A： (4) .I haven’t seen such a novel for long.Where did you buy it? B：In the Rose Bookshop.

A：I don’t know where it is. (5) ?

B：No.Only 10 minutes’ walk from here,next to the People’s Cinema. A：Oh,I see.I’m going there to get one,too.Thank you! B：You’re welcome! 参考答案:

(1)How many times have you read it (2)Who wrote it/Who is the writer (3)So do I/Me,too

(4)It’s exciting/wonderful/great (5)Is it far from here 解析：

(1)语境分析法：通读全篇对话可知A是Tom, B是Bill，两人谈论的话题是关于Charles Dickens的小说。根据本空前文―Bill,你又在看那本小说？‖―是的，我永远不会厌倦。‖可知Bill已经读过那本小说多次了，根据本空答语―Three times(三次)‖可知本空意为―你读那本小说多少次了？‖，即答案为―How many times have you read it？‖

(2)本空答语为―Charles Dickens(查尔斯·狄耿斯)‖，从后文可知这是一个作家的名字，据此可推断本空询问该书的作者。

(3)本空上文问句―What about you?‖在此处的意思是―你觉得他怎么样呢？‖根据上文Bill的话―我认为他是一个伟大的英国作家。‖及本空后文Tom的答语―他也是我最喜爱的外国作家。‖可推测Tom与Bill的看法一样，即―So do I.‖或―Me,too.‖

(4)根据上文Bill的问句―你觉得这部小说怎么样？‖及本空后文Tom的话―我很长时间没有看过这样的小说了，你在哪儿买的？‖可推知Tom觉得那部小说很棒。

(5)据下文―不，离这儿只有10分钟的路。‖可推知本空是一个一般疑问句，意为―它(the Rose Bookshop)离这儿远吗？‖ 黑色陷阱：

本题第(1)小题和第(3)小题较易出错。第(1)小题中考生易受上文时态的影响而误填为―How many times are you reading it?‖ 而结合文章语境可知本空的时态意义是指―动作(读小说)过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能继续下去‖，因此该句应使用现在完成时态。第(3)小题中考生容易把―我和你看法一样‖表达成―The same with you!‖，这不符合英语表达的习惯，表示―某人也一样‖可以用―So+助动词/be动词+主语‖的句型，表达―我也一样‖还可用―Me,too.‖来表示。 原创题

根据表格提示,描述你最喜爱的歌手周笔畅,不少于80个词:

Nickname Date of birth Place of birth Height Weight Appearance Personality Likes Favorite BB June 26,1985 Changsha,Hunan 164cm 50kg smart,big eyes,short hair,glasses Friendly,kind,easygoing music cityParis 参考答案：  My favorite singer is Zhou Bichang.Her fans gave her an interesting nickname BB and themselves a title ―Chalks‖.She was born in Changsha,Hunan on June 26,1985.She is 164cm tall and 50 kg heavy.She looks very smart.She has big eyes and short hair.She wears glasses.She is friendly and kind to others.She is very easygoing.She likes listening to music and singing.Her favorite city is Paris.

绿色通道：用第三人称来介绍别人,使用一般现在时态,将所给要点写全面,注意句子的连贯性和准确性。

巧学法园地

简单句面面观

1)主谓结构: He works hard. 主 谓

2)主谓宾结构:I like apples. 主谓 宾

3)主系表结构:Ittastesterrible. 主 谓 表

4)主谓+间宾+直宾结构:Could youpassmethe salt? 主 谓 间宾 直宾

5)主谓宾+宾补结构:Momasksmeto get up early. 主 谓 宾 宾补

Module 8 Public holidays

语法·剖析·活用

时间状语从句

在英语中，除了可以用介词短语作时间状语外，也可以用句子表达一件事情或一个行为发生的时间，这个句子就叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句根据所表达的时间不同，所使用的连词也不同。

引导词 when as soon as before after until while 含义 当??时候 一??就?? 在??之前 在??之后 直到?? 当??时候 例句 Please let me know when you have trouble. We began to work as soon as we got there. Mother always prepares supper before I come back from school. I will go out to play with you after I finish my homework. I didn’t go to bed until Mum came back. Do not make any noise while I am recording.

注意：

when和while的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，也可以是瞬间动词。如： When she came in,I was eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬间动词)

When I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him. 住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性动词） while 连接时间状语从句时，表示主句的行为在从句行为过程之中发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为，所以从句中要用持续性动词或状态动词，并且持续性动词常用进行时态。如：

While they are waiting for the New Year,they listen to music,sing songs and have fun.

在等待新年到来的一段时间里，他们听音乐、唱歌、娱乐。

（从句动词为持续性动词，并且用进行时态；主句谓语动词的行为是在等待的过程中进行的。）

until引导的时间状语从句

如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。如： I didn’t go to bed until（till） my father came back.

直到父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

【活学活用】 用所给的引导词连成时间状语从句

1)I found mother cooking for me.I got home.(when) ________________________________________

答案：When I got home, I found mother cooking for me./I found mother cooking for me when I got home.

2)We start to sing.It’s 12 o’clock.(as soon as) ________________________________________

答案：We start to sing as soon as it’s 12 o’clock.

3)I will go out to play basketball with you.I finish my homework.(after) ________________________________________

答案：I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework. 4)All the people left.He waited.(until) ________________________________________ 答案：He waited until all the people left.

5)It started to rain.We were playing football.(while) ________________________________________

答案：It started to rain while we were playing football.

典题精讲 经典例题

(2010北京海淀毕业考试) 你也打算过个愉快的周末吧。请根据下面的四幅图片，描述你的计划。

Saturday Sunday afternoon evening morning Afternoon I’m going to have a nice weekend.On Saturday morning.I’ll visit my uncle.______________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思路解析：根据本文开头所给句子，限定时态，并选择写作思路，四幅图是以时间顺序排列的，所以可以按时间的先后顺序着手写作。 参考答案：I’m going to have a nice weekend.On Saturday morning,I’ll visit my uncle.In the afternoon,I will go to the supermarket to buy something.(I’ll do some shopping at the supermarket.)In the evening,I will watch TV.On Sunday morning,I’m going to do my homework.In the afternoon,I’m going to play football with my friends. 黑色陷阱：本文的开头给出一个例句，实际上也起到了限制时态的作用，所以，后面每一句话的表达，都应该是符合一般将来时的用法。另外注意一点，四幅图所提示的内容要尽量写全。

绿色通道：解答看图类的习题要仔细观察，认真领会出题者的意图，拟好思路，然后再落笔，一定用上图中所给信息，可以适当扩展，图中的重要信息不能落下，抓住得分点。

原创题 完形填空

Yuanxiao Festival 1 Lantern Festival, 2 the 15th Day of the first lunar month,marks(标志)the 3 of the Spring Festival.The Chinese people sometimes call it Yuanxiao Festival 4 they like to eat small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice（黏米）flour.Some people like to 5 it the “Feast(节)of Lanterns” because from the 11th century of the Song Dynasty,it was a custom to hang out different lanterns on the 15th of the 6 lunar month.Today the displaying is still a big event 7 China.People enjoy it.The games “Dragon Lantern” is still played in many places in China.The dragon-dance is 8 difficult to perform than the lion-dance,which is also part of the festival.

1.A.and B.or C.is D.with 2.A.at B.in C.on D.of 3.A.begin B.beginning C.end D.ending 4.A.because B.and C.so D.but 5.A.speak B.talk C.say D.call

6.A.first B.second C.third D fourth 7.A.at B.in C.on D.with 8.A.more B.much C.very D.too

思路解析：做本题时注意上下句给出的相关提示，尤其是对于具有相同结构的句子，要充分利用信息。2、4、5、6题都可以根据这种方法来找出正确的答案。 答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A

黑色陷阱：第1空容易误选C项，注意本句的谓语是后面的marks,所以本句不能是句子，只能是短语。 绿色通道：

注意上下文所给出的提示，不能忽略有用信息。完成之后要用代入的方法再检查一下，观察理解起来是否通顺。

巧学法园地

巧记10个瞬间性动词

在学习以when和while引导的时间状语从句时，用到了瞬间动词和延续动词。常见的瞬间动词有die(死),come(来),go(去),leave(离开),arrive(到达),begin(开始),buy(买),join(加入),borrow(借进，借出),return(归还)等。

这10个瞬间动词可用两句口诀来帮助记忆:

开始离去,借来还, 出生入死,买到家。

注释:

1.“开始离去,借来还”为begin,leave,go,borrow,come,return六词； 2.“出生入死,买到家”为join,die,buy,arrive四词。 3.各词改为相应的延续动词为：

begin→be on,leave→be away from,borrow→keep,go→be,come→be here,return→be back,join→be in,die→be dead,buy→have,arrive→be here等。

Module 9 Heroes

语法·剖析·活用

状语从句

在上一个模块中我们学习了用不同的引导词引导时间状语从句，在本模块中，我们介绍其他几种状语从句的具体应用。看下表所示：

名称 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 引导词 Because so that So 例句 She didn‘t go to school today because she was ill. She dressed like a man so that she could join the army. He got up too late so he missed the school bus. 注意：目的状语从句中的时态表示未来，可能性；而结果状语从句中表示已经发生。 1.引导原因状语从句的连词

原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导，注意as,because,since和for的区别: 1)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:

I missed the train because I got up late.

注:对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句回答。

2)如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since，since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如: As he was not well,I decided to go there without him. Since this method doesn‘t work, let‘s try another.

3)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 2.引导结果状语从句的连词

除so之外，还有so/such...that...,so that等。

1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。如: She is so short that she can‘t reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.

2）so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为―结果是， 以致‖。如: They missed the bus so that they were late for class. 3.引导目的状语从句的连词

so that可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。如: He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early（in order） to get to school on time. 【活学活用】

根据句意填上合适的引导词

1）I want to be a singer ________ I get up early to practice singing every day. 答案：so

2）________ you are my teacher, you couldn‘t mistake me either. 答案：Although

3）I find a new house to live in________ the old one is far from my company. 答案：because

4）________ she has time tomorrow, we will go shopping together. 答案：If

5）The supper was ready ________ I got home. 答案：when

6）I didn‘t sleep last night ________ I finished my homework. 答案：until

7）You should take off your shoes ________ you go into the lab. 答案：before

8）I was surfing on the Internet ________ my sister was watching TV. 答案：while

9）________ I finished reading the book, I had learnt a lot. 答案：After

10）He likes listening to music ________ he doesn‘t like singing at all. 答案：but

典题精讲 经典例题

例1 (2010河北中考) —Could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning? —Well, it will start at 9:00 o‘clock. A.when the meeting will start B.where will the meeting start C.where the meeting starts

D.when the meeting would start

思路解析：本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的从句要用陈述语序，Could you...?表达委婉的语气，而不是过去时，根据答语可以知道引导词要用when，所以本题选择A项。 答案：A

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选D项，因为没有注意到句中could 不是表达过去时。

绿色通道：在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句用什么语序，从句必须用陈述语序，时态取决于主句的谓语时态，即主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况选用不同的时态，主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。但应注意Could/Would you...?表达委婉的语气，不是过去时。

例2 (2010江苏苏州中考) —What will you do if it ________tomorrow? —I‘ll stay at home and watch the match on TV. A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining

思路解析：本题考查if 引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。所以本题选择B项。 答案：B

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选C项。因为有的同学只注意tomorrow 应该用将来时，而忽略了if 从句。

绿色通道：本题的关键是if 引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。类似的还有as soon as,before,when,until 等引导的从句。

例3 (2010江苏南京中考) We‘ll try our best to do the work with________ money and ________people. A.little;few B.a few; a little C.less;fewer D.fewer;less

思路解析：本题考查less 和fewer 的用法。less后接不可数名词，fewer后接可数名词。所以本题选择C项。

答案：C

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选A项。许多同学不能正确理解句子的意思，将此题错误地用了原级。

绿色通道：money为不可数名词，只能用little,a little 或less修饰；people 为可数名词的复数，应用a few,few 或fewer修饰。

例4 (2010黑龙江哈尔滨中考) The boy was able to ________himself when he was very young. A.dress B.wear C.put on D.have on

思路解析：本题考查词组dress oneself,意思是―自己穿衣服‖。所以本题选A项。 答案：A

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选C项，因为没有搞清楚put on 后接表衣服的名词，而不是接人。 绿色通道：做本题的关键是掌握dress的用法，以及和wear,put on的区别。dress, put on,意思是―穿上‖，表示动作；dress 之后通常接人，不接衣服；put on后跟表衣服的名词；wear 意思是―穿着‖，表示状态。

例5 (2010江苏徐州中考) Don‘t make me________this or that.I‘m too busy! A.to do B.do C.doing D.done 思路解析：本题考查make sb.do的结构，所以本题选B项。 答案：B

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选A项，因为有的同学认为make sb.后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 绿色通道：make sb.do 动词不定式作宾语补足语，应省略to,类似的词还有let，have 等。

原创题

看图表，用more,less或fewer完成练习。 Now 600 houses A lot of pollution Seven schools 2400 people A lot of snow Six movie theaters In 100 years 1000 houses Almost no pollution Two schools 3500 people A little snow Two movie theaters In 100 years...

1.There will be________ houses. 2.There will be ________ pollution. 3.There will be________schools. 4.There will be ________ people. 5.There will be________ snow.

6.There will be ________ movie theaters.

思路解析：该题一方面考查学生识读图表、从图表中获取有关信息的能力，另一方面又考查对more, fewer,less三词的掌握情况。

答案：1.more 2.less 3.fewer 4.more 5.less 6.fewer

黑色陷阱：fewer和less 都表示―更少‖，但fewer只能修饰可数名词的复数；而less是little的比较级，它只能修饰不可数名词。

绿色通道：做对本题的关键是确切掌握more, fewer ,less 的用法：more意为―更多‖，既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词；fewer意为―更少‖，只修饰可数名词；less意为―更少‖，只可修饰不可数名词。

________________________________________ 答案：I would call 110.

5）Imagine you didn‘t pass the exam in the final examination. ________________________________________ 答案：I would work harder next term. 2.翻译句子

1）虽然昨天下雨了，但是我们玩得很开心。 ________________________________________

答案：Although it rained yesterday,we had a good time. 2）他是如此勇敢，救了那个小女孩的命。 ________________________________________ 答案：He was so brave that he save the girl‘s life. 3）她太伤心了，说不出话来。

________________________________________ 答案：She is too sad to speak.

4）我们来自不同的国家，但我们是朋友。 ________________________________________

答案：We came from different countries,but we are friends.

典题精讲 经典例题

完形填空

The population problem may 1 one of the greatest in the world today.The world‘s population is growing 2 .Two thousand years ago,there were only 250 million people 3 the earth.Four hundred years ago,the number was 4 500 million.But at the beginning of the 5 century,the world‘s population was about 1700 million.In 1970,this number was 3600 million.In 1990,the number was five billion.A UN report says 6 the world population will 7 six billion by the end of the 20th century.This is just ten 8 after it 9 five billion.People say that by the year 2010, 10 may be seven billion. 1.A.am B.is C.be D.are 2.A.faster and faster B.fast and fast C.fastest and fastest D.faster and fast 3.A.in B.on C.at D.for 4.A.nearly B.more C.almost D.over 5.A.twenty B.twelve C.twentieth D.twelfth 6.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 7.A.past B.pass C.passed D.passes 8.A.weeks B.months C.seasons D.years 9.A.get B.gets C.reached D.reach 10.A.this B.its C.one D.it

思路解析：本题谈论人口这个社会问题。在通读原文的基础上，逐个分析。第1和第7题可直接通过动词will和may，后面接动词原形。第2题faster and faster表示―越来越……‖。第3题on the earth是固定搭配，含义是 ―在地球上‖。第4题A、C两项含义相同，可以排除，over表示 ―超过‖，相当于more than。第5题，从上下文的时间来看，应该是20世纪，要用序数词来表示，所以选C项。第6题says 后面只是单纯陈述，用that 引导。第9题reach

five million含义是―达到五百万‖。这个数字是1990年的数据，所以要用过去时。 参考答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D

黑色陷阱：本文陷阱在第4题，在理解上A、C两项都说得通，但要选择最佳答案。

绿色通道：这种社会热点题，首先考查学生的社会洞察力和思维能力，其次还要考查知识的理解和运用。我们要兼顾全文，注意细节；在必要时大胆思维，敢于排除和否定，可以用直接判断法、推论法、排除法。

原创题

任务型阅读：

Do you know how the Father‘s Day came from? There is a story about it.

A woman named Sonora Smart Dodd had the idea for Father‘s Day.Her mother died when she was a baby.Her father—Henry Jackson Smart,raised(抚养)her.Sonora wanted to tell her father how important he was to her.She thought he was a brave and loving man.Sonora‘s father was born in June.She chose to hold the first Father‘s Day celebration（庆典)in Spokane,Washington on the 19th of June,1910.

In 1924 US president Calvin Coolidge announced（宣布)the third Sunday in June as father‘s Day.Roses are the Father‘s Day flowers.Red roses are for a living father and white if the father died.

1.The ________ Sunday in ________ is Father‘s Day.

2.Father‘s Day is celebrated for ________________ father for the first time. 3.If someone‘s father is dead,he will choose ________________ roses for him. 4.The first Father‘s Day celebration is hold in Spokane in________________. 5.________________ raised Sonora.

思路解析：本文主要讲父亲节的由来，从第二段得知父亲节应该是六月的第三个星期天，所以第1题填third和June;第2题填Sonora‘s;从最后一句话判断；第3题应该填white;第4题填1910；第5题应该填Her father或Herry Jackson。

答案：1.third;June 2.Sonora‘s 3.white 4.1910 5.Her father/Herry Jackson

黑色陷阱：第2题是个陷阱，因为在填写的过程中，很多人容易忽略所有格的形式而只填写人名。第4题也是一个陷阱，因为所给的介词是in，所以只需要填写哪年就可以了，不必写月份和日期。

绿色通道：任务型阅读在某些问题回答或某些空的填写上，要思考细节，尤其注意介词所给的提示。

巧学法园地

时间前面介词的使用

周季月年in在前，几月几号却不妥。 具体日子要用on，in要泛指早中晚。 具体哪天上下午，用on换in不能忘。 中午夜里用at，具体几点前面坐。 说―差‖要用to来接，说―过‖只用past， 时间介词记分明，各种考试全通过！

八年级下册知识点总结 Module 1 Hobbies

* 词组：1.Tidy up 收拾,整理 2.take up占用（时间空间） 3.be interested in 对…感兴趣 (interesting 有趣的) 4.as well as 并且,还

I like playing football as well as playing basketball. 5.such as 比如 6 as a result 结果.

7. come out 出版；开花；出来; 真相大白 8. give an interview 接受采访，做访谈 9. in the future 在未来（一般将来时） 10. make sure 确保 11. grow vegetables种蔬菜 12. be good at sth./doing sth. 13. a collection of …的收集品 collect stamps集邮

14. at the end of… at the beginning of… 15. develop interests 发展兴趣 16. useful skills 有用的技能 17. play the violin 乐器加the 18. all the time 总是，一直 19. at least 至少

20. be popular with 受…欢迎

Football is popular with boys. 足球受男孩子的欢迎.

21. * not only… but also 不仅…而且 用来连接两个主语时,注意就近原则 Not only Da Ming but also his parents are fond of watching football matches. Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another. 22. * spend +时间/金钱 +on sth. / (in) doing sth.

eg. I spent all our time on our favourate hobby. I spend the whole night (in) learning English. Their hobbies are drawing and painting. = In their free time, they like to draw and paint. 23. * Succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 success n. successful adj.

24. * Make为使役动词, 后接形容词和动词原形做宾语补足语 Eg. Rainy days make me sad.

Loud music makes me want to dance.

25. * It is +adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是…的

It‘s important for you to remember this.

It is +adj. + of sb. to do sth. 形容词修饰人的性格 如：It‘s kind of you to tell me the truth. 26. Try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事

27. Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事 28. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

Module 2 Friendship

词组：1. right now 现在 2. whether …or not

3. hold the line （不挂断电话）等一下 4. turn back 转身 5. as usual 和往常一样 6.close friends 亲密的朋友 7. personal questions私人问题 8. early autumn 早秋

9. several months later 几个月以后 10.worry about 担心 11.at middle school 在初中 12.smile at sb.朝某人微笑

13.change one‘s life 改变某人的生活 14.at first 开始 15.join a club 参加俱乐部 16. day by day 一天天地

17. in different countries 在不同的国家 18. feel like 觉得

19. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 20. by the way 顺便说一下

21.like making friends (with) 喜欢交朋友 22.take a message 捎口信 23.a public concert 公开音乐会

24.good luck with the concert 预祝音乐会成功 25. remember doing sth./ to do sth.记得做了/去做某事 26.as a result结果

27. be afraid of sth./ to do sth. 害怕（去做）某事

28. stamp collectors集邮爱好者 29.a couple of 几个，两个 30.take place 发生 （happen） 31. lonely寂寞的 /alone 独自一人 32.far away （from）

33. watch,指仔细观看，看电视、球赛等 see 指看望某人，看电影，看医生等

34.______(laugh) at others is impolite. 取笑他人是不礼貌的 35. all over the world 全世界

Find sth. +adj. The foreigners find China very different from their own country. Find+ it +adj. +to do sth. I found it difficult to finish the work on time. It为形式宾语 Find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 I found them playing games on the playground. People from all over the world make friends by writing letters. By通过…方式 语法点：宾语从句

注意点： 1. 有―…or not‖或 ―or+供选择的内容‖时，只能用whether 2. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序 3.客观真理用一般现在时 4．注意时态

Module 3 On the radio

词组：

1.Look out (for)小心/ look for 寻找/look like 看起来像 2.Don‘t mention it. 不客气 3.prepare (for) 准备 4.ask for 要/请求…

5.look down 向下看 look down on sb. 看不起某人6.once a week 一周一次 7.turn on 打开（电视,灯，收音机等） turn off 关闭 turn up 调大（音量） 8. take sb. around 带某人四处参观 9.get lost 迷路

10.score two goals 进两个球 11.in person亲自

12.learn about 听说 learn from向…学习 13.at the age of 在…岁时 14.at that moment 在那个时候 15. go for a picnic 去野餐

16.the score of …的比分 17.stop doing sth. 停止做某事

18. explain sth. (to sb.)（向某人）解释某事 19. close down 停播

20. win the first prize 获得第一名 21. find out查明

22. prepare for a test准备考试 23. thank you for …因为…感谢你 24. decide to do sth.决定做某事 25. Me, too. 我也是

26. It seems/ seemed that…好像,看样子 It seems that he is lying. 看样子他在撒谎. 27. in front of 在…前面

(in the front of 强调在内部的前面) 28. need to do 需要做

… need doing 需要被做某事（被动含义） 29. The flowers need watering. 这些花需要浇水.

语法点：* to+ v. 与 v.-ing

To+v. want； would like； hope； wish； plan； need； decide v +-ing enjoy； finish； practice； keep； give up； mind 注意都可以接的 begin; start; continue 意义相同 Hear; notice; see…do/doing 意义不同

Stop；forget; remember; try + to do/doing 意义不同 * 表示建议和警告

1、Shall we…?我们…好吗？ 2、Let‘s ….让我们… 3、What /how about doing…?怎么样？ 4. Be quiet, please. 5、Why don‘t you/we..=why not…?为什么不？ 6. Please keep doing… 7 Remember to …and stop talking! 8、Would you like….?你愿意..吗?回答时用I‘d like/love to . sorry ,but …. 对于建议肯定回答:good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not?/Great/Yes, I‘d love to 对于建议否定回答：I‘m sorry ,I‘m afaid …/I‘d love to ,but …..

Module 4 New technology

词组：1.lend sb. sth.借给某人某物； 2.play back播放; 3.wait for等待;

4.connect…to/with 连接; 5.turn on打开（电器）; 6.take photos拍照;

7.pick up sth.拿起某物 (如果有代词的话则放在中间 pick it up); 8.bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手; 9.keep cool保持冷静;

10.show pictures to the doctor展示照片给医生看; 11.the best result最好的结果; 12. get the news得到消息;

13. follow these instructions 遵照这些说明； 14.find out 查明；

15.save your life 挽救你的生命； 16.a few days ago 几天前； 17. climb out of 从…里爬出来； 18. hold on to 坚持； 19. on holiday 在度假；

20. send personal postcard 发送私人贺卡 21. across/ over/ through;

22. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；

23. get/be ready to (do) sth. 准备(做)某事=get/be ready for sth.; 24. have to 不得不；

25. do with 处置，对待 What will you do with this photo? 你会怎么处理这张照片？ 26. Wherever无论什么地方

语法点：if 引导的条件状语从句 ―如果，假如‖

Module 5 Problems

词组：1.Refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事; 2. choose the best 选择最好的; 3. the last practice最后的练习;

4. warn sb. of /about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事； warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事; 5. punish sb. 惩罚某人; 6. go wrong 出错; 7. feel bad 感觉不好; 8. be angry with 对某人生气 9. all together一起；

10. keep my best friend留住我最好的朋友； 11. tell sb. the truth 告诉某人真相; 12. make quite sure确保；

13. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事； 14. after all 毕竟；

15. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人； 16. personal problems 私人问题； 17. at the end of 在…尽头，在…结束时 18. so vs. such; 19. take off 起飞，脱下，拿走；

20. steal sth. from sb./someplace从某人/某地偷走东西； 21. alone 形容词和副词/lonely形容词； 22. be proud of 为…感到自豪/骄傲， 23. make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误； 24. at least至少 at most 至多；

25. 注意enough的位置 名词之前,形容词之后 enough food / careful enough; 26. instead of 取代；

27. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

交际用语：What a pity! / What a shame! / I‘m sorry to hear that. / Take it easy. / I feel sorry for… / I hope it is nothing serious. / Is there anything I can do for you?/ Rather you than me! 你行，我可不行！（would rather…than 宁愿…而不愿）

语法点：If 引导的条件状语从句（二）

If…+现在时动词…, 主语+ will/ should/shall/ can/ may +动词原形 ** 主将从现** If you ask him, he will help you.

Module 6 Entertainment

词组：1.talk about谈论；

2.some close friends一些亲密的朋友; 3.face to face面对面; 4.come out发行，出版;

5.advise sb. to do sth.建议某人去做某事; 6.be proud of为…感到骄傲; 7.plenty of许多;

8.have a great time 玩得开心;

9.go to the concert 去音乐会; 10.search for 寻找; 11. look after 照看； 12.sail around 绕着…航行； 13.in one‘s opinion 在某人看来； 14.except for 除…之外, 15.be worried about 担心；

16. fight with /against sb./ sth. 与…打架 ；

17. too much 太多（修饰名词）too much water 太多水 much too (修饰形容词和副词) much too heavy 太重了； 18.show sb. sth=show sth. to sb. 给…看 show me your ticket, please. 请出示车票。 show sb around 带某人四处转转

句型：What do you think of this movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样？ She knows that she‘s among friends. 她知道她在朋友之中 What kind of programme is it? 它是什么种类的节目？ all kinds of 各种各样的 语法点：直接引语和间接引语

注意几点变化—— 1. 人称变化 2. 时态变化 3. 其他变化 （详见课本） 做这类题时， 可先还原到汉语， 再根据汉语写

Module 7 Time off

词组：1.enjoy oneself; 2.be famous for…因为…而著名 be famous as…作为…而著名; 3.as if 好像;

4.wake sb. up叫醒某人; 5. hope to do sth.希望做某事; 6.leave sb. alone把某人单独留下; 7.put…away把…收起来; 8.have seven days off休息七天； 9.go back into回到…里面； 10.protect…from…保护…免受…; 11.be popular with受…的欢迎; 12.national park国家公园；

13.the second largest fresh water lake 第二大淡水湖( the +序数词+最高级+单数名词表示―第几最‖)； 14.in the north of 在…的北部（east west south north）; 15.cross=go across; 16. whole注意位置,直接放在名词前 the whole world all 则放在修饰词的前面, all these people all the class; 17. the rest of+名词 剩余部分，其余的；

18. one of … …之一 做主语时，注意要用第三人称单数 One of the students is from Japan.； 19. wish sb. to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事； 20. on a clear day 在晴朗的一天

21. welcome sb. to someplace 欢迎某人来某地；

句子： I can hardly hear the traffic in the streets and no one is shouting. 我几乎听不到街上的车辆声，也没有人在大声喊叫。 Hardly 副词，―几乎不，几乎没有‖ no one/ nobody/ everyone/ everybody 都为第三人称单数 语法点：直接引语间接引语（二）

*If/whether ―是否‖ 有or时， 只能用whether

She asked, ―Is this book yours or his?‖ She asked whether this book was mine or his.

*祈使句的间接引语 用―动词+宾语+不定式‖ 即asked/ told/ ordered/ warned sb. (not ) to do sth. The teacher said to him, ―Don‘t waste your time.‖ The teacher told him not to wastetheir time. * 特殊情况: 1. 客观真理，习语等，变间接引语事时态不变

The teacher said, ―The earth goes around the sun.‖ The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.

2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况依然存在的，则变间接引语时时态保持不变，一般有usually等标志词

The boy said to us, ―I usually get up at six every morning.‖ The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去的时间状语， 过去时态不变 He said to me, ―I was born in 1978.‖ He told me he was born in 1978.

Module 8 Public holidays

词组：1.public holidays公共假日;

2.on vacation 度假; 3.as soon as 一…就…; 4.make a plan制订计划; 5.in the same way用相同的方式; 6.in different ways用不同的方式;

7.have a good time doing sth.做某事很开心; 8.promise sb. to do sth.向某人承诺做某事; 9.say goodbye to sth.向…道别; 10.depend on依靠，取决于;

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