An Investigation of Tightly Coupled Time Synchronous Speech Language Interfaces Using a Uni

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This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

An nvIstiegaiotn of Tigthl Cyoulpde iTem ynShroncuso SpeechL naugae gItenrfcaseUs ngi aUinc atin GrommaarA.Ha enuseitn y. WeHbrezW leeve ahte knolewdge ases, b.e.i HMsM,ngamr omelda n udni acitongr maarm cosnant,t i nroer do achtieev true cmpaoaribilyt .Binegi tenestre dni th cerorepsondigns aerh crobple,m w ceupolea b ae medodcer na dach rat prsaer n ithre de ierne wtya, tseh sr tf wohchiis s rtcilyt otbtomu-p, het altter tw oebni gnietarcive atcrhiettures.c Muveri tte .la.9 7]0a d Dunpon 9t 32]p resetnde rompisngi reuslst ona ti e synchronmus oocuplin of gteh ecoding dtespw th inites att neewotkrs nda cnotxe tfere gammars.r Th ecmomnoa propah cn nituraa llanuagg uednertasnding s ini uacitn ogarmma rarspnig w,hihcp rseensta muh hcrder apraings prboel bumta lolw fos ra moert hoougrh seamtincanaly iss.I n saerc hfoa enegar sllution ot toh einegrttiaon roblem pfo seechpr eocginiotna n nadtuar langluga enderstaudinng e awe rlookngif r aowel wolkrig ncmbinotaino f thoe satdnad terhcnlogoies .In teh rst exepirmet n| the ottob-mup aranregenmt|the de codrepr docuse a argel cnnecoet dwrodgraph us ni oglyn he atoustcci konlwedg seuoce. Thr ealttci ie sicremnetanll seyntto th epasrr as ite sitpr docude yho bpy hpyo The p.rasresea rhce srofml ft toe rightus in theg languae mogel andd ui ncaton iurlse ismlutneoasly. unIal elpxriement secodedrand prsar reuni npar alel.lIn t h ewotint rectaievar hictetuce exrpeimenrt tsh meduloe sxcheage nottobm-pu s awel asl to-dpon infwrmatioo abnou tordwhy optehes. In tseh srts etingt t,h eecoderd podrcus hyeoptehse sasbde not heir acoutsi cscor. ehe Tarpers erceievst eh lookah\ea" of tdhedeco de anrdp rovdeis laguagenmo dl ineofmaritn anoda eys o ro bnaes dn the ouinc taio granmam rnia v er ciation stpe, whcih is apsse bdcka o ttehd ceder aodn sue fdo rercosinrg The.nal ex periemntis can ougatirnow hreethe pa ser prroudcse redipctinsof om rlfet to ighrt base,d o tne huinca iotn gammar anr thedAbstratThcis ppar ereprtoso some expnremeints not ime synhroconus nteiracfs beteewe wondr reogcntiino ad pnarsig, pnefromrde ith aw bam edecoed rnad ac ahtr praesr Usi.g thn samee coasticu omdels la,nuagg eomed,la n duinca iot gnramamr b,ottm-upoan dwotinte acrite pvrootolc were imsplmeetedna d neaxinemd .Reults sshow hat clotes nitegartion s iopssibel iwhtout ubnaeralebti me pnelaiets,i rfesricttino srom fbto mohuldes area plpid toefo cs uhets aerhcp ocrss.e1IntroudtioncItneragiont o fspeec hnda lnguaag etchneoloy has gbeen fogr owngii nterse torfa oupce olfyea s.rA v raitye f iotenrfces haas benei tnrouced betdeenw acustic onadl niguisic ptrcessonig I. ntis arhtilce,w e cncenoratte o sone as wm ehitn prokottypcal iarivaiontsof th temi syecnrhnous otsrteages. iheTreare sev raelr eason whsyth se etratsgeisea e rof secpiali nterets Hu:mna sseemto oda cosuic{tlngiistui cproescisg nin taighlyt ocplue madnenr . pAartali syntatcc ainaysisl fo tehw odrsequenc exisestw hie li it sebnigutt erd,e ermiptintg ntirreupiotsn ad earnlyd eetctio ofn msuindesrtanidng,s ndaa llowni gihghe modruls to begei theniran layssi aerlyon. R etsircitnso form syntcatic nowlekdegcan be use td ion unecet he aocsutc seaicrh proecssto incr easereco gnitoniaccu rcyaThi.sre esachr hasbeen crareiodutw itih the nEVBRMOILB jiot nreeaschrp rjeco,tT P51,unerda rang frto mtehGe mrn aFeedal Mrnisiteyrof R esearhc nadT echonlgoy B,MF 01TI V101H 9./ yUivnesitr of Hymburga,oCmputerSci ecn,eNatS. adnras@ents2ai.normatif.uknih-maurb.dg zeU nivrseiyto fErlaneg-nueNnrerbg, omCpteurS icence,AI.w bee@rauif80i.fnrmoaikt.nu-irlengeande.

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This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

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This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

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This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

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This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

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F9gurie1:S syte mbeavhoi forr ew fhyophesets rofm tehp ares rot the deocde r(nTD),het ttueracnere coginito raten Ut(),tt h nuebmre of dees grectae db ythe aprser( nE) and, te maxihum nmmbeuro fcaitveg irdpo itn sn iht decoedrein ne Forma (enP)G T.ehwo d rrcognetiin rate oo tfhe ecodderal oenw sa aporimatelx 0.9.y Oe neec oftc loesi tngertionawa tsht eathierth ree awsn o parabse seqlunce eof owrs ad altl,or the b se tsocinrg arspbla sequeneec as thwe ocrect orne. Fo rtathre san,o ht eowrd accuacr ysion l givenyfor t eh tansdlane oaocstui rccogeitinn omod (AC). Fivee f oht teen estnneecs erwere congied corrzctey lin all trheem desoB, VE, Uand RP .he tTmei andc ommnuictioa meansremeuns it nhte abtel ae trh averega eavlesuof th oseve u tetarcns. eitWhon ly tneut tranecesf o testirng,th uetertnca reecogntioi narts aer eof ocrsu eo ratfer lihimted erlabiliity.St ill,t seiesms afet sayo sytanctic konlewgdeca n b euesdt ocon tolrth e caosticure cgoiniot pnocerssin a nadvnatgaoesu aw. Thye orem miproatt nerusl itsthat he titme pnaety loe han ts oay pofr clseo ntegirtianoi sn to a bsdaa exspetcde: i veni rctionam oe,d th etihtgl ycuoplde sstymeis oln y02 pecret slnowr ehat the HMn recoMginezr noi ts won.While ti is ruet htta hter ewas onbe e n tn tirmeso freco ngitoinra t ie vernic tioan omed t,hi rseuls tusgestg stah ttis holu db eefsabil eotac ihvee imt{eynshronoucsi ntergaton ini a rel tiamesys et.m Tishm ayb e aoglai niselftf rov ariuso easorn,sa s arleda menytionedi tnh einrtodcuton. iI BnU omd, teehma n bytotom pu h

yptohees sslwo own tdh eparerscon sdeiralyb Su.plypnig rpdectioins t eaevyrfra m ei nPR omd eseesm to eb pohiribtiv.e tSli, tlheset o stratwgies iecrneseda he terognctioi rante a,dn the tie moncumes madyb elagely drue t the raothe srrtigahtorfwradimpl meenttaoni .ssenEiallytt eh sae imnfroatimno s icmopted uan dens stveerl aitesm froe ah worcd ed, sono u rhpeoi s hat ta asitfastcro ysepeud cpn ab aceiehedv ni htef utrue.In asecon exdperimnt, ew weidneed obh thteFgiru e2: System ebhaiorv orfmany yhptheoes sW ewereq uitesur prisde ot eesthat PR odm eaughtc up remrkabla relatiyev o VR, tromf facaotr3.8 to on ly .24 tmiseslo wre. tI seem thast iti swrthwohielt opu rse tue PR shrttegay f soiem omr ecra ei stake winh e tciecny oncsidratienso .he apTpaertnbr akdowe innBU time perofmranc haepepnd ebeacus theeL SPI ropecsss ie zxceeded tee mhina emmro sizy aen the mdchaneib gae no pate gehavil. Depeyndig nonth e arpsr ebam aed nteht oat nulbmre f woor hydpohtsese,tere heemed tos xesti aritcicla pinto, wher tee hchartbe gns to gior very rapwidyl.In B Uodme, tihspoin ti rseahce mduc hearlei trhnai tnheo teh romesd.The n umerb of cratede eged sgvisea goo dmpiersiosn ofthe owkrt he praesr ha to dos.W ti mhoern arrowbe msa hted ieren ce sae rnto ot oig,b hilwewit ha wid re bema,he tapser hasr t perfoomrc noisedrbal myroes erac in BhUm deo. Th numeeb ofr catie grvdi oipts ner framepre ects th aemontuof a mbiugtiyt ehdeco erd ha so ctop wite. hA thet srt lgnac ie teemsssur rpisngi hatt tehma ixummnum bre f oativce gird oipns is thghei inrV Rt hn ai nBUmo ed .hT eepxalationn fro thi is tsat ihn B anU dR Pomedt hel agunaeg enpalietsa re addedw hena w rdost rats. I Vn Rmdoet e penhlat isy daed id a wnro'd san slatt. eiSne chet unbemr o fatcvieg irpdinot issa wals ylrgeastw he a wnor dah sujs bteun,g ad neaxctylthese g rdipionst ar epnushie by thd elanugga epenatlyin P R na BUm do, tee numhberof rgidopnti ssi largre ni RV mod.e Howeer, vjut sefbor eaw ro ds seit nsaa wor dyphtohseis, he tlnauagge pnelta shywo seec t. U mBoe prudnse mroein t eh onn anlsta etsof wodr. snI V mRdoe th meaxmila e ce to fprnung tikes placaein w od nal rtsteas. Th verey lw nGoP alvus einP Rodm egievan im ressiopn o hfwo trosnly gtehpr deciton irfmo th eaprersr sertitsct hes earhc foth eecddeo. Crrrosponedng tioth eumneb ro rfceievedh pythoees, thseedges craetde y bhe ptasre arer elss thn anit ehot eh mrdoe.s heT earosn for

This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

the lweor spedec omarepdw ih tV Ri tsofolwd .lAl fo hets umittbed yphtoeses hums bte ble tao eadl toa f urteh raalnysi, sisnc ehte arey suasbetof t e hrpdectioni gsvien b yht parseer bfoere. his Tmghitl ea to ldngof laes athp swichhdie v ery lte.a n aIditidno o ttat hth cempotauiot ofnp rdectiois is exntra orkwto do. References] L1ee-Fne Chgeni,Ke hJi-an nheCn,nda inLhSanL e.e A ebst r-t slnaguge aprcessinogm deloi negrttaign ht une caitin groamar mna dmrako lanvgaug emdel ofr osepcher coenitign opplaciaions. tn IIEE ETarnsationsco Snpeech na duAido Prcoseinsg,olvme 1,u,2pag se2 12240, 199{3 2. Pier]r eupDnto .Dynmaic seu fo ystnatcial cnokwldge ie nontciuonuss pece hreocngtioi. Inn Proc E.ursoepceh 9139, agpse1959{1 692,9931.3] DavidG oodnei,St peahine eSn e, LnytteeHi scrhan,m an Mdihace lhilPlps. Fiul lnteigarito ofns peceh an ladguage undersnantind ign th eMT Isokep languang essyemt. n PIorc. Eruspoeeh 1c919,p ages 84{5488,191.94]Hy ne Hkrmaensy. Pkrceptealulin er praeidcivt ep(p)la alnsysio spefec. hJ. coAus.tS o.c mAer.,8 74)(1:73{17582, prAli1 990.] K5 .Kia,tT .K waabtaa a,d Hn.S ato. iHmm ontciuounss peche rceonitgio using pnredctiveil r parisn.g n IIEEEInt rentaoialnConferenec n oAcostuics, Specheand Sig anl roPcesins,g paesg703{ 706 19,89.

6 CncouslinoOn e ecteof close in etgaritnoof s ntyx aad ncouatsis was tcath wor edror rater sbecae esmestnailyl emanngilse due to stehfa tct hat utteances werre iteer hrcegonzeidco rrcety orl otnr eocnized agt al. lhisThas alo sebne boesvrd eniGo odni et ae. l1 9]. O3e nmiht graguet at htih sacsir ces eibxiiltyc oparmdeto a anpporach wre acoustic edcodengi si don leiek ltea rbfore ane ylniugistc anaiysisl beigsn.Howe ev,r meausingr owd accurrcayi nu narpsbal woer deqseucns doese no matek ensesi an psecehun erdstadnig synstemwhi hc erlis oe parsnignw hlo euttreanecs.Rat er, thehc nocluion shsulo bd teath a sntaycticmodu elused fo rs peehcun dretsadnig nust me rbobsut iwh rtespet cotre conigtionerro rs, veeni itf sis colseoly nteigatre wdiht tehac oustci dceoedr hattonl parysabe lesuqncese raeper mitted .hT experieemtns idd nt opermit ust conoclued thtae ithe orfth twoe tp{oownds trtaeges iis suprioer o tht eohter Whi.el erifyvmo de ws amuhc asfte rith wnraorw esacrh ebms,a t reiultsdei n elssr eogcniton riate hta prndeciiont mdeo.A so,l hets lodwonw acsudeb yrepditicnomo d eaw lsses rpnouocnedf ro idew srerach eabm.sWh a tcn ae bsadiis,htat give,nth e rapdgmi af otmi syecnrhonos uprocseisg,n intearticev tsrtaegiesare s pureoirt o bttom upostra tgiese.T e hmainco nculiso nof thi paspr is ethta ti isfeasi ble o td acoustico an dynstatcc inaalysisi nat iems ncyronouhs,ti ghlyt ocpleudw a yiwhout ntceseasirl ypyiagni notlrebaeltim epnaeliest a,d tnhta itis po ssilbe t doo os wth thie ocpmelx nadp woefrlum chanism oe a charf taprsr ane a deaftuerbas ed ui naciontgra mar.mT e hencesasyr rseritctonis didn otcome fom ertieh rte decohdr eroth paesre in irosltaino, ut oblny form aeascrh pocres guised db ybohtkn olewgd soueces.r

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This paper reports on some experiments on time synchronous interfaces between word recognition and parsing, performed with a beam decoder and a chart parser. Using the same acoustic models, language model, and unification grammar, bottom-up and two interac

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