Book 5 Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language

Reading(P.7)

Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543, in Poland)

Copernicus’ Revolutionary TheorySkim the passage and pick up the first sentence in each paragraph and

sometimes the last one.

ComprehensionTrue or False1. At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. T 2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth. F

3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. T 4. His friends were not interested in his ideas. F

ComprehensionTrue or False5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. F 6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contributions to the study of the universe.

T

observations He used mathematical ___________________ to collect information. thought long and hard about the problems. He ___________________ observations of the stars He collected __________________ Copernicus’ theory The Christian’s theory God had created the world and the earth was the center of the solar system.earth

The sun is the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

Sun

Sun

earth

1. put forward a theory about black holes 提出了黑洞的理论

put forward (1) 提出(建议, 主意等) (2) 提前(反义：put off, postpone“推迟”) (3) 推荐某人或自己任职位; 提名

** He put forward a plan at the meeting. 提出了一个计划 ** They put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 提前到一两点半举行 to 2:30. 提前了一周 We’ll put off the date of the lecture to September 9th. 延期到 Their wedding has been called off / cancelled(取消). ** May I put your name forward as our monitor? 提名

put away 抛弃；舍弃 put down 写下来；记入名单 put on 穿上；戴上；增加 put off 耽误；延期 put out 熄灭 (灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立；建造 put up with… 忍受 You can take anything from the shelf and read, C books when you’ve finished but please ______ the them. A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off

2. make sense1) = to have a clear meaning “意义明确易明”

No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn't make sense.2) = to be wise to do “做法明智”

It makes sense to take care of your health. make sense of sth. = understand sth. Can you make any sense of this article at all?

3. spin --spun --spun--spinning

We spun the coin to see who would have first turn.

a spinning top陀螺

a spinning wheel

DiscussionAs a scientist, one should be brave.

…was afraid of being attacked by ……hidden his theory for nearly 30 years…

Do you think he was a coward(胆小鬼)?

Bruno 布鲁诺 Bruno was born 5 years after Copernicus. He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory, which was against the Church’s will. In 1600, he was burnt to death.

Form a gro

up of four and Voice your opinions

A gree?

orDisagree?

Agree1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier. So he could make contributions to the whole world earlier. 2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. 3.As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose them, time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong.

Disagree1. He was cautious. If he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church. 2. Every time a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. 3. It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. He was just cautious not a coward. He should protect himself first.

Persuasive writingPlease refer to P8 Learning Tip. Now write a short letter asking Copernicus (not) to publish his ideas so everyone can read them. First you need to collect your ideas. For example:

He believes his new theory is true.

There are problems with the present theory. He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true. Science can’t develop unless people publish their ideas. Time will show if his theory is true or not.

Here is a plan:Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are andwhy you want him to publish his ideas.(how

you organize your reason)

Paragraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence. Paragraph 2: Reason 2 and evidence. Summing up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas.

One possible versionDear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.

I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.

I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will prove if your ideas are right or wrong. So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory. Yours sincerely,

Zhang Hua

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