高考英语阅读理解技巧训练—事实细节题

XXXX教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号

学员编号：年级：高三课时数：

学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：学科组长/带头人签名及日期学员家长签名及日期课题重点词汇的用法、高考阅读理解技巧训练—事实细节题授课时间：备课时间：

教学目标重点词语的词义辨析

高考阅读理解-事实细节的技巧训练

重点、难点重点词语的词义辨析

高考阅读理解-事实细节题的应试技巧

考点及考试要求事实理解题在阅读理解中占据相当的比例。而基础词汇的词义和词性变化也为完形填空和语法填空提供所需材料

教学内容

Part I: Checking and revision

1.上次课知识回顾；

2.词汇记忆检测

Part II:

I . 词语辨析（旨在提供完型填空提供所需材料）

1. ignore / neglect / overlook

【解释】

ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。

neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

○1We could not afford to _________ such a serious offence.

2). He utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident.

3). Don’t ________ paying him

a visit now and then.

2. cheat / fool

【解释】

cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

1). You may get _________ in that shop.

2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.

3. calm / quiet / silent / still

【解释】

calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。

quiet 表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。

silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。

still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo.

2). Why do you keep __________?

3). Everything was ___________.

4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy.

4. join / join in / take part in / attend

【解释】

join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等

join in 表示参加游戏、活动等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事

take part in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等

attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂

【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空

1). Can I ___________ the game?

2). Did you ____________ the fighting?

3). He __________ the army last year.

4). A lot of people __________ her wedding.

II词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）

1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓

的

frightening adj.令人恐惧的

2. nation n. 民族；国家；

国民

national adj. 民族的；国家的

3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头suffering n. 苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者

【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空

1) He’s travell ed to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation)

2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)

3）___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)

4）The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)

5）It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)

6）We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer)

7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)

8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer)

Part III.阅读理解技巧突破之——事实细节题

所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空。说明文和叙述文的思考题有相当于部分是此类题）及语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表

达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。）抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好

其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：

1) When/Where did the story happen?

2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct?

3) Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?

4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

5) All the statements are true except.

该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它

包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主

体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，

再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。弄清细节、准确获取信息，也是把握文章中心思想的前提。

细节专题一：排序题

此类试题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的事实进行排序。要求考生根据动作发生的

先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。考生可以先找出最早的一个时间

和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。

例1：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach(沙滩)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into

the sea, the attendant pulled her in.（1996NMET）

①In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing

them?

a. Changing into bathing clothes

b. Getting out of the bathing machine

c. Paying 2 pence

d. Getting into the bathing machine

e. Being taken down the beach

f. Getting into the water

A. e, d, a, b, f, c

B. c, d, a, e, b, f

C. c, d, e, a, b, f

D. d, a, e, b, f, c

细节专题二：计算题

计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能

够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，

它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得

出正确的答案了。

例2：Degree

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学位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: deg@0e41191c370cba1aa8114431b90d6c85ec3a88ab.

Tuition Fees(学费)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@0e41191c370cba1aa8114431b90d6c85ec3a88ab.

Accommodation(住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@waikato. 0e41191c370cba1aa8114431b90d6c85ec3a88ab

Health

The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctor's and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: heal@0e41191c370cba1aa8114431b90d6c85ec3a88ab.

Sports

The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@ 0e41191c370cba1aa8114431b90d6c85ec3a88ab（2005安徽卷）

②You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

A. $5,250

B. $8,000

C. $9,000

D. $11,000

细节专题三：图形题

在有图形试题的阅读理解中，有的图形出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试

题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图形中所暗含的信息，特

别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。

例3：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峡), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品种)of cattle that are raised on them and named after them.

In earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, which was part of France, but the ruler of

Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control

was unbroken until World War II, when the Germans held the islands for five years.

Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs are more French

than English.（2000年北京春季）

③Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands?

Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands

细节专题四：其它类型

例4 ：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had

been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.

Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast.

On that fourth of July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her

support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she

struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television.

Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had… until then. With only a go, she asked to be pulled out.

⑦What does “she never had…”in the third paragraph mean?

A. She had never been so desperate.

B. She had never thought of giving it up.

C. She had never seen such thick fog.

D. She had never swum across the strait before.

练习：

Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness

actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.

Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.

Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive

home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand,

if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the

store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.

Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?

In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know

ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate

that we cannot lie trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations

by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the

clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we

take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.

There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when

we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good

deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.

46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our

A. self-respect

B. financial rewards

C. advertising ability

D. friendly relationship

47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to___.

A. lying

B. stealing

C. cheating

D. advertising

48. The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" (in para. 5) means___.

A. telling the truth to the clerk

B. offering advice to the clerk

C. asking the clerk to be more attentive

D. reminding the clerk of the charged item

49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?

A. We'll be very excited.

B. We'll feel unfortunate.

C. We'll have a sense of honor.

D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.

50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.*

A. How to Live Truthfully

B. Importance of Peacefulness

C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect

D. Happiness through Honorable Actions

C

War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s

“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issu he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with

--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other

not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description

things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the

eets and putting a little of powdered

body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the str

tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a

crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives

a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy a ll of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what yo have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silentl and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’　

Still later, after r eviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner.

….” To have one’s ear pulled by the hand to the Russian’ｓ

…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently

Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.

51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is _________.

A. far from the historical facts

B. based on the Russian history

C. based on his selection of facts

D. not related to historical details

52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________.

A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept

C. the Russians stopped his military movement

D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with

53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?

A. To walk out of the room in anger.

B. To show agreement with him.

C. To say something about the Tsar.

D. To express his admiration.

54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________.

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

B. fond of showing off his iron will

C. determined in destroying all of Europe

D. crazy for power and respect

55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.

B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.

C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.

D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

Part IV. Homework

Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you

s

that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to lov can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice t ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love

yourself.

Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself

is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you

need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.

t move past one flaw or weakness It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’

that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you ly

mile, get to the track and because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.

The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go

a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍) yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re we your way. Good luck!

46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _________.

A. dare to challenge yourself

B. feel it hard to change yourself

C. are unconfident about yourself

D. have a high opinion of yourself

47. According to the passage, our serf-images _________.

A. have positive effects

B. are probably untrue

C. are often changeable

D. have different functions

48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage?

A. To keep a different image of others.

B. To make your life successful.

C. To understand your own world.

D. To change the way you think.

49. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to prepare for your success.

B. How to face challenges in your life.

C. How to build a positive self-image.

D. How to develop your good qualities.

50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?

A. Parents.

B. Adolescents.

C. Educators.

D. People in general.

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