2016中考命题研究英语(河北人教版)语法专题突破：专题八动词

专题八 动词 第一节 动词的分类及辨析 河北中考五年命题规律及趋势

河北中考单项选择对动词的考查主要涉及动词(包括实义动词和感官动词)、动词短语、情态动词、非谓语动词(只考查动词不定式)。完形填空中也涉及实义动词词义辨析，而词语运用中对动词的考查主要是和时态相结合。

预计2016年中考单选仍会从动词短语、情态动词、动词不定式方面来考查。完形填空主要考查动词词义辨析。

河北中考重难点突破

实义动词 延续性动词

是否延续性 短暂性动词动词的分类

系动词 助动词 情态动词

及物动词

是否接宾语

不及物动词

动词分类

【考点抢测】

( )1.________ everyone here today？Now let's begin the meeting.

A．Be B．Are C．Is D．Am ( )2.He ________ pale at the meeting this morning. A．got B．looked C．turned D．seemed ( )3.I ________ go to bed until I finished my work. A．don't B．did C．didn't D．not

( )4.He said that he dropped his bag when he ________ running for the bus. A．was B．were C．are D．is

( )5.He ________ an English club last year and has made great progress in English. A．protected B．produced C．joined D．received

( )6.If you want to change the world，you have to ________ yourself first. A．enjoy B．check C．help D．change

( )7.The man over there ________ be Mr. Smith.He has gone to Hong Kong. A．must B．may C．can't D．needn't

( )8.According to the new traffic law，everyone in a car ________ wear the belt. A．can B．may C．must D．will 【满分点拨】

动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为4类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在第三节中具体讲解。河北中考侧重于感官动词的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词的辨析。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。

1．动词的分类

动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。 (1)实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)

实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。

及物动词

及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：

①动词＋宾语。如：

He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。 ②动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。如：

They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。

I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。

注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。

③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：

I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。

注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。

不及物动词

不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语＋谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：

Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。

I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。 有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如： 我们学习英语。(及物) 我们学习努力。(不及物)

这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物) 这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物) (2)系动词的用法(共考查7次)

系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。

常考系动词的分类

常见用法的注意事项：

①一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。

②表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐 ”，可用于进行时。如：

It's getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和。 (3)助动词的用法(共考查5次)

助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：

【易错点提醒】will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。 (4)情态动词的用法

(具体用法和习题详见本专题的第三节情态动词) 2．动词的基本形式

英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

动词辨析

【考点抢测】 一、词语运用

join wear smell cost

1．We need to buy a computer that ________ least and has the best quality. 2．Why are you ________ a T-shirt？You'll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather. 3．Mom，this kind of fruit ________ nice.I'd like to taste one. 二、单项选择

( )4.You are ________ to type quickly when talking to each other on QQ so the other person doesn't get bored.

A．suggested B．supported C．taught D．supposed

( )5.His family are worried about him because they haven't ________ letters from him for a long time. A．accepted B．received C．written D．collected

( )6.Daisy is such a good daughter that she ____ most of her spare time with her parents. A．spends B．costs C．takes D．affords

( )7.Try to ________．Do not depend on your dictionary all the time. A．know B．achieve C．help D．guess

( )8.Don't forget to ________ “Thank you！”when someone helps you. A．talk B．tell C．say D．speak

( )9.The roof of the house needs repairing.It's raining now，you'd better get something to ________ rain drops.

A．control B．cover C．carry D．catch

( )10.(2015石家庄41中模拟)Oh，it ________ so nice.What beautiful music it is! A．smells B．sounds C．tastes D．looks

( )11.I really enjoy the noodles and vegetables.They ________ delicious. A．stay B．feel C．taste D．sound 【满分点拨】

分析河北近几年的中考真题不难看出动词辨析是河北中考的一个必考点。主要涉及实义动词辨析，感官动词辨析等。这种题目多会在单选和完形填空中出现。这种题目主要考查学生平时对单词的记忆。

河北中考考点精练

( )1.(2015南京中考)—What's wrong with Simon?

He isn't at school today.

—His legs hurt.He was ________by a motorcycle this morning. A．treated B．hit C．operated D．cured

( )2.(2015滨州中考)Mom is making dinner.It ________ so nice! A．smells B．tastes C．feels D．sounds

( )3.(2015沧州9中模拟)—Why didn't you buy any bread? —Sorry，I ________. A．forget B．forgot

C．remember D．remembered

( )4.(2015安徽中考)The running water makes the stones ________ very smooth. A．sound B．taste C．smell D．feel

( )5.(2015连云港中考)—Oh，my God! I ______ my notebook in my bedroom. —It doesn't matter.I'll lend you mine.

A．forget B．forgot C．leave D．left

( )6.(2015江西中考)Fresh food is good for you.But you have to ________ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty.

A．taste B．smell C．wash D．plant

( )7.(2015保定8中模拟)Lao She's Teahouse ________ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years. A．describes B．improves C．prepares D．corrects

( )8.(2015盐城中考)The librarian told me that I could ________ these magazines for three days. A．borrow B．buy C．keep D．return

( )9.(2015扬州中考)When you ________ yourself with others，you miss the wonder of who you are. A．compare B．communicate C．contact D．connect

( )10.(2015无锡中考)—The school network will be shut down for safety reasons. —That doesn't ________ me at all.I'm not a net­worm，anyway. A．satisfy B．surprise

C．worry D．include

( )11.(2015邯郸35中模拟)My brother ________ to move the heavy box，but I didn't give up. A．reminded B．refused C．agreed D．considered

( )12.(2015秦皇岛中考模拟)The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it ________ her thoughts and feelings.

A．express B．discuss C．expect D．imagine

( )13.(2015唐山一模)—I'm sorry I left my homework at home.Shall I go and ________ it? —No，you needn't.Bring it here tomorrow. A．get B．send C．take D．pass

( )14.(2015承德中考模拟)—Who reached the station on time? —I ________！ In fact，I arrived there 5 minutes earlier. A．was B．reached C．did D．do

( )15.(2015廊坊中考模拟)I don't ________ the heat，for I'm used to hot weather. A．like B．mind C．know D．stand

( )16.(2016原创预测)He is an honest boy.I have no reason to ________ what he said. A．hear B．doubt C．repeat D．believe

( )17.(2016原创预测)It ________ about eight minutes for sunlight(阳光)to travel from the sun to the earth.

A．takes B．spends C．costs D．pays

( )18.(2016原创预测)He always doesn't know where to ________ for vacation. A．go B．lead C．make D．invite

( )19.(2016原创预测)We all know that learning a foreign language ________ time and effort. A．requires B．reduces C．removes D．repeats

( )20.(2016原创预测)—I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3 ，000. —Too good to be true.Don't ________ it. A．do B．hold C．make D．believe

( )21.(2016原创预测)Although Lucy is only three years old，she is able to ________ herself.

A．put B．make C．wear D．dress

( )22.(2016原创预测)The local people like that Italian restaurant because it ________ both delicious food and good service.

A．uses B．wants C．shares D．provides

第二节 动词短语 河北中考五年命题规律及趋势

河北中考单项选择题对动词短语的考查主要偏向take/turn/put/down短语等。考查形式主要集中在三个方面：①同一动词＋不同介词，如2014年36题的get短语，2011年35题的take短语；②不同动词＋同一介词，如2012年39题的down短语；③不同动词＋不同介词，如2013年的41题。设题形式为简单句，词数多为9～13。预测2016年河北中考的单项选择题会考查动词短语辨析。

河北中考重难点突破

【考点抢测】

( )1.—It's hot today，isn't it?

—Yes，it is.Why not ________ your jacket? A．take care B．take place C．take after D．take off

( )2.To keep healthy，many people ________ every day. A．take a shower B．take pride C．take a look D．take exercise

( )3.(2015保定8中模拟)I have ________ my watch everywhere.But I cannot find it. A．looked at B．looked up C．looked for D．looked after

( )4.Again and again the doctor ________ the crying baby girl but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.

A．looked over B．looked after C．looked for D．looked out

( )5.There aren't many tickets left for the concert，so you'd better ________ that you get one today. A．make sure of B．make a decision C．make sure D．make plans

( )6.The firemen soon ________ the big fire. A．put off B．put up C．put out D．put on

( )7.(2015邯郸25中模拟)The Olympic Games of 2016 will ________ in Brazil. A．take after B．take off C．take place D．take away

( )8.We'll ________ an English play Snow White during this year's Art Festival. A．look up B．look out C．put off D．put on

( )9.Because of the bad weather，we have to ________ the meeting till next week. A．take off B．get off C．put off D．set off

( )10.My bike is broken.Could you help me to ________？ A．fix it up B．set it up C．make it up D．put it up

( )11.The heavy snow didn't ________ the international airlines. A．pay attention to B．add to

C．make a difference to D．keep to

( )12.This morning I ________ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice

restaurant for her birthday.

A．picked up B．looked up C．cleaned up D．gave up

( )13.(2015承德2中模拟)—Alice，could you help me ________ the meat？I want to make some dumplings for dinner.

—OK.I'll do it right away. A．put up B．give up C．use up D．cut up

( )14.Don't ________ so often.It's bad for your health. A．get up B．stay up C．look up D．come up

( )15.He failed in the math test and looks sad.Let's ________. A．put him up B．set him up C．cheer him up D．clean him up

( )16.(2015石家庄42中模拟)More and more students ________ too much homework and they are really tired of it.

A．complain about B．care about C．learn about D．hear about

( )17.It's cold outside.________ your sweater before you go out. A．Put on B．Turn on C．Put up D．Give up

( )18.The people in Ya'an have met lots of difficulties，but they haven't ________ hope. A．picked up B．given up C．looked for D．waited for

( )19.I am too tired.I don't know how to ______ the problem. A．care about B．deal with C．depend on D．worry about 【满分点拨】

动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点，同一个动词与不同介词或副词的搭配、不同动词与同一个介词或副词的搭配会产生不同意义的动词短语。动词短语的词义辨析试题旨在通过题干或微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语的不同搭配识别、记忆及动词短语

词义的辨析并恰当运用动词短语的能力。

分析河北近5年中考真题可看出单项选择对动词短语的考查主要集中在三方面： (1)同一动词＋不同介词；(2)不同动词＋同一介词；(3)不同动词＋不同介词。 A．同一动词＋不同介词。如： get短语：get up，get off，get to，get in turn短语：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn down B．不同动词＋同一介词。如：

cut down，look down，turn down，put down put up，get up，look up，wake up C．不同动词＋不同介词。如： put on，take off，look for，cut down

河北中考考点精练

( )1.(2015鄂州中考)—I hope to be a volunteer on weekends. —You could help to ________ the city parks. A．cheer up B．make up C．take up D．clean up

( )2.(2015淄博中考)Hurry up! The plane will ________ at six o'clock. A．put off B．take off C．get off D．turn off

( )3.(2015攀枝花中考)Don't ________ too late，or you will feel tired next day. A．wake up B．get up C．stay up D．show up

( )4.(2015抚顺中考)Don't worry.I can help you ________ your pet cat when you go on a trip. A．look up B．look at C．look after D．look like

( )5.(2015乌鲁木齐中考)—Have you read little women yet? —Yes.It was so fantastic that I couldn't ________. A．put it off B．put it down C．put it away D．put it up

( )6.(2015昆明中考)—Waiter，I ordered beef noodles， but I can't see any beef in the noodles!

—________ your glasses and you can see the beef. A．Put off B．Put up C．Put on D．Put into

( )7.(2015随州中考)As we know，many successful

people never ________ no matter what difficulties they've had. A．stay up B．cheer up C．take up D．give up

( )8.(2015河南中考)Jane is very busy these days，for she has a lot of problems to ________. A．deal with B．keep up with C．agree with D．come up with

( )9.(2015孝感中考)—These problems are too hard to ________ .Will you give me some advice? —There are many ways.The most important is to have a careful plan. A．hand out B．work out C．look out D．break out

( )10.(2015莱芜中考)________！ It's not the end of the world.Let's try again. A．Put up B．Set up C．Cheer up D．Pick up

( )11.(2015十堰中考)________these past three years，I remember many things. A．Looking up to B．Looking out C．Looking back at D．Looking after

( )12.(2015宜昌中考)—The organization Wild Aid is ________ to protect wild animals. —It has done a lot so far. A．cheered up B．picked up C．taken up D．set up

( )13.(2015邢台二模)Spring has come.We can't________ the plan.The trees must be planted this week. A．put off B．make up C．come up with D．look up

( )14.(2015保定8中模拟)—When will ______ your new book ________？ —It has not been decided yet.

A．find out B．come out C．look up D．set up

( )15.(2015唐山9中模拟)This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to ________ at the library and take the A52.

A．take off B．put off C．get off D．turn off

( )16.(2015承德2中模拟)—Do you ________ your son after school? —No.He comes back home on the school bus. A．pick up B．look after C．drop in D．send for

( )17.(2016原创预测)CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong but ________ in America. A．picked up B．gave up C．grew up D．dressed up

( )18.(2016原创预测)After hours of discussion，we finally________ a new way to solve the problem. A．came up with B．caught up with C．kept up with D．put up with

( )19.(2016原创预测)We should think of others if we want to ________them. A．get on well with B．hear of C．get ready for D．hear from

( )20.(2016原创预测)Mr.Wang is ________ his wallet at home，but he can't find it anywhere. A．looking out B．looking up C．looking at D．looking for

第三节 情态动词 河北中考五年命题规律及趋势

情态动词为河北历年的必考点，主要为其基本用法和词义辨析，如：may在疑问句中表请求，needn't表示没必要，can't表否定推测和不能。特别是must的各种用法，如：must表肯定推测和强制命令。尤其注意在have to和must的问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。同时，也涉及情态动词在被动语态中的运用。设题形式多为单句或对话形式，且词数为10～16。

预计2016年河北中考的单项选择题会出现一道考查情态动词基本用法的题，且偏向考查must的用法及其问句的答语。

河北中考重难点突破

【考点抢测】

( )1.There's only one day to go.You ________ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow. A．can B．will C．must D．may

( )2.(2015保定17中模拟)Excuse me，sir.You ________ open the door before the train stops. A．mustn't B．needn't C．may not D．don't have to

( )3.—Honey，stay home before I return. —I ________，Mom.

A．must B．can C．will D．should

( )4.It ________ be my book.My book has a signature of mine.

A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．won't

( )5.That T-shirt ________ be expensive because it's designed by a famous designer. A．can't B．mustn't C．must D．should 【满分点拨】

情态动词有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和实意动词一起构成谓语。

常见情态动词的用法

情态动词的其他用法

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