2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练精品题(14)

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2014高考英语阅读理解基础训练二轮精品题（14）及答案

阅读理解-------A

Redheaded birthday boy Jake Balcom, newly 11, walked into the principal’s office

at Centennial Lane Elementary School in Ellicott City ready for his big surprise. His name had been announced over the loudspeaker moments earlier. Today was going to be special.

Back in the day—like, before fifth grade —Jake’s parents would bring cupcakes to school in his honor. But this year, for the first time, his Howard County school has forbidden parents from bringing “edible treats”for students’birthdays. That means no more cupcakes, brownies, chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream, Rice Krispies treats or pizza. Instead, Jake got a handshake from Principal Robert Bruce and a colorful pencil and a card.

“We hope that you have a terrific birthday,” the card read.

Jake just smiled, and went back to class.

Centennial Lane is part of a movement across the Washington area and the country to take the battle against childhood obesity to one of education’s most beloved functions: the school party. But some are worried that the fight is going one step too far—and taking some of the fun out of being a kid.

Schools, where many children eat two of their day’s meals, are being pushed to the front lines of the battle against kiddy bulge. A federal law requires schools to create wellness policies that encourage students to be more active and eat more healthfully. Some schools in Virginia have started exercise clubs. In Maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), the proportion of overweight children ages 6 to 11 has skyrocketed in recent decades, from 7 percent in 1980 to 16 percent in 2002. Among 12 to 19-year-olds, the rate of obesity more than tripled, from 5 percent to 16 percent. Health officials have called obesity a

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pandemic (流行病).

At Centennial Lane, the principal said some parents have complained about the school’s new policy, and others have adapted by bringing in nonfood treats—such as rulers or erasers.

Jake Balcom said he missed bringing treats to school. But he wasn’t too bothered by their absence because he had celebrated his birthday with friends. They went to see the movie “Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit” and shared his birthday cake at his house.

1. What is Jake Balcom’s reaction to his gifts for his 11-year-old birthday from his school ?

A. He felt puzzled by the gifts quite different from the former ones.

B. He almost felt the same as before because he had celebrated his birthday with friends.

C. He preferred chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream than pencils and cards.

D. He would rather have a birthday party than a handshake from the principal.

答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由第四段“Jake just smiled, and went back to class.”和最后一段“But he wasn’t too bothered by their absence because he had celebrated his birthday with friends.”可知，答案为B。

2. The underlined phrase “kiddy bulge” (in Paragraph 6 ) means “______”.

A. parents’ gifts

B. childrne’s parties

C. kids’ overweight

D. children’s exercises

答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义推测题。结合该词所在的下文“…that encourage students to be more active and eat more healthfully. Some schools in Virginia have started exercise clubs. In Maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.”和下一段的首句“…the proportion of overweight children ages 6 to

11 ….”可知，答案为C。

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3. Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?

A. Parents all agree that the fight against childhood obesity is going too far. to CDCP, the proportion of overweight children has had a tendency of increasing.

C. For this year’s Halloween party, kids can enjoy what they like as usual.

D. Jake Balcom is a primary school pupil in fourth grade.

答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由倒数第三段的数据“…from 7 percent in 1980 to 16 percent in 2002. Among 12 to 19-year-olds, the rate of obesity more than tripled, from 5 percent to 16 percent...”可知，肥胖儿童的比例已经呈现增长趋势，故答案B正确。

由第五段“…to take the battle against childhood obesity to one of education’s most beloved functions: the school party. But some are worried that the fight is going one step too far—and taking some of the fun out of being a k id.”可知，选项A错误。由第二段“That means no more cupcakes, brownies, chocolate chip cookies, birthday cake, ice cream, Rice Krispies treats or pizza.

Instead, Jake got a handshake from Principal Robert Bruce and a colorful pencil and a card.”可知，选项C错误。由第二段首句“Back in the day—like, before fifth grade —Jake’s parents would bring cupcakes to school in his honor.”可推理，五年级之前的四年级，父母会带cupcakes到学校，可见Jake Balcom现在应该是五年级的学生了。故选项D错误。

4. Which of the following is the measure taken by the Centennial Lane Elementary School?

A. Starting exercise clubs.

B. Cracking down on vending-machine junk food.

C. Forbidding parents from taking the food to the school.

D. Taking all the fun out of being a kid.

答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。题干对Centennial Lane Elementary School所采取的措施提问。由第二段“…has forbidden parents from bringing “edible treats”for students’ birthdays.”和第五段“Centennial Lane is part of a movement …”可知，C选项正确。由第六段“Some schools in Virginia have started exercise clubs. - 3 -

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In Maryland, schools are cracking down on vending-machine junk food.”可知，选项A，B错误。第五段最后一句话提到“But some are worried that the fight is going one step too far—and taking some of the fun out of being a kid.”，故选项D错误。

阅读理解----------B

Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.

A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.

Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.

Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排气), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.

In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.

The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔藓), and insect-eating sundew plants.

The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of - 4 -

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York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.

“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”

He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.

At the conference, the representative s agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.

5. The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen,

largely produced by human activity can be ___________.

A. frightening

B. threatening

C. unique

D.

unusual

6. We can infer from the passage that _________.

A.it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere

B.reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops

C.the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity

D.reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity

7. The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this

week when __________.

A.no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission

0ed47b3b1837f111f18583d049649b6649d7096bernments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen

C.“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed

D.nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity

8. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Keeping Away From Nitrogen Emissions

B. Stopping Nitrogen Emissions

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C. Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s Wildlife

D. Saving Europe’s Wildlife 【参考答案】5、B 6—8、CDC

根据短文内容，从短文后的选面中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。将答案写在答题纸上。

“Any fool can criticize, condemn, and complain (抱怨) but it takes character and self control to be understanding and forgiving.”— Dale Carnegie If we really want to be happy, why do we act like such babies?

We can claim(声称) to be proactive（主动的）in our life by settings goals and going after what we want. But if we’re alwa ys whining and complaining all the time, are we really living effectively?

71 Whether it be being stuck in traffic, being bothered by the weather, not enough mustard on your sandwich, or whatever it is, there are endless instances where you can find a reason to complain.

But it’s not just outside circumstances that we complain about. 72 We complain about about ourselves too. We complain that we don’t have enough time, we don’t have enough money (this one is huge because it’s often “true”), that we’re not smart enough, cool enough, or just enough.

73 I never really thought about it much until I found this website about “living in a complain free world.”

Imagine how much happier you would be if you simply stopped complaining? Much of what you compla in about is outside of your control anyway. What’s the point of brooding about something you have no power to change? 74

Simply becoming conscious of how much you complain is the first step to stopping. When you recognize that you’re complaining, stop and take notice of it. Ask yourself if you would rather complain, or be happy.

75

A．We complain about ourselves too.

B．Not very intelligent, if you ask me.

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- 7 - C．Why can’t we complain about things around us?

D．Are you ready to live a complaint – free, happier life?

E．What you’re complaining about may make you quite unhappy.

F．If you don’t believe me, count how many times you complain in one day. G．I’ve experienced lots of unpleasantness for complaining about things I can’t control.

参考答案 71~75 FAGBD

阅读理解--------C

The 2010 Eustace Tilley Contest

This marks our third annual contest soliciting(征求) readers’ opinions on Eustace Tilley, the magazine’s iconic dandy(花花公子), who appeared on the cover of the first issue of The New Yorker and on almost every anniversary issue since.

In celebration of our upcoming 85th anniversary, we invite you to create your own version of The New Yorker’s dandy.

Entries to our third annual Eustace Tilley contest will be accepted from December 17th through January 18th.

Winners will be featured on .

Visit go/tilley2010 to enter and for complete contest rules.

Open to legal U.S. and Canada residents (except Quebec) age 18 and over.

Video Conversations with James Surowiecki

Watch the author of The Financial Page column in discussion with policymakers, business leaders, and economists.

This month, James Surowiecki speaks with Dan Vasella, the chairman and of Novartis, about drug prices, health-care, reform, and the appearance of China in the pharmaceutical(制药的) industry.

Visit today.

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The Big Apple Circus Clown Care Program

The Big Apple Circus Clown Care program brings joy and laughter to young patients

in seven New York City pediatric(儿科的) facilities, and 11 more across the country. 90 specially trained professional “clown doctors”visit nearly 250,000 bedsides a year, interacting with the children, family members and staff.

The Clown Care program is a part of the healing process for children who come to

New York Presbyterian. The clown unit provides a unique way to reduce the stress associated with being in a hospital. Being able to bring a smile to the face of a sick child

clearly complements(辅助) the excellent care provided by our doctors and nurses. We

are thrilled to include the Clown Care program as part of our team.

Please help continue this important work by making a financial contribution today

at .

9. Whose entry will be accepted by The New Yorker?

A.Richard, a post-graduate from Quebec, Canada, who sent his design on .

B.Amy, a 28-year-old Asian-American teacher, who sent her design on Jan. 20.

C.Jessie, a 16-year-old student from New York, who sent her design on Dec. 29.

D.John, a 68-year-old retired engineer from San Francisco, who sent his design

on Jan. 10.

10. Which of the following is NOT true about James Surowiecki?

A.James Surowiecki is the author of The Financial Page column.

B.James Surowiecki usually has discussions with people from different fields.

C.James Surowiecki speaks with a chairman about issues of medicine this month.

D.Visiting go/vasella, you can watch the conversation of this month between James

and an economist.

11. ___________ can be provided by The Big Apple Circus Care program for sick children.

A. Excellent treatment and care

B. Trained professional doctors and

nurses

C. Unique methods to relieve stress

D. Special pediatric facilities

12. Which of the following can be used by the Big Apple Circus Clown Care program

to promote itself?

A. We help all children live happy lives.

B. Our doctors jump through rings to cure the blues.

C. Every life deserves world class care.

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D. Work together for a healthier world.

【参考答案】9—10、DD 11—12、CB

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