Key to New English Course for Graduates

Key to Unit 1

Language Studies (A) 1. complacency 2. Lulled 3. stem from 4. obsolete 5. scrambled 6. innovative 7. bean counters 8. gourmets 9. herdbrain

10. beat … to the punch

Key to Cloze 1-5 ABACC 6-10

DABBD 11-15 CADBB

Translation Practice

Exercise 1 1. 现代灰姑娘

2. 敢想才能成功 3. 失败是成功之母 4. 敢于打破惯例 5. 天生舞者 6. 天衣无缝 7. 亲历历史 8. 谁之过?

9. 植物病毒载体系统研究进展

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10. 惊慌还是冷漠 Writing skills: The History of Printing Part I Part II

Beginning with Papermaking Print in China

Part III Print in Europe Part IV Print in the USA Part V

Exercise 2.

1. Small Port, Big Market 2．Education Online 3．A Nation on Wheels

4．Cultural Contrasts in Marriage Arrangement 5．The Two Sides to the Internet Coin

6． Dynamic Evaluation of Economic Efficiency for Eco-city Construction 7． Between the Editor and the Reader

8． Discussion on Virgin Land Classification Subsystem based on the Protection of the Eco-Environment

9. The Basic Analysis of Our National Territorial Planning & Eco-Environmental Protection 10. View on the Natural Style Singing

Advances in Print Technology

Key to Unit 2

Cloze 1-5 6-10

ABACC

DABBD CADBB

11-15

Translation Exercise 1

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(A)

1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权。 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。

3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。

5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点的增长也就意味着利润上的大幅提高。 (B)

1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason.

2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn.

3. It is crucially important that we think seriously/carefully of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems.

4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms.

5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms.

Exercise 2 (A)

1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。

2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这场激烈的争斗中，

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转基因食品禁令看似报复，实为审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食虽规模不大，但消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。

Translation Exercise （B）

1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people.

2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In addition, the Third World leaders have sometimes vetoed the use of their plant and animal species in genetic research. Western companies want these species for genetic engineering projects and hope to obtain them with minimal expense; the Third World leaders want to ensure that their people are fairly compensated if these species are used to produce something of value.

Key to Unit 3

III Translation Practice

Exercise 1

A. 1. Put the following into Chinese.

1）但凡可以通过精心措词，简明扼要的书面信息处理的事情就使用电子邮件，将会议留给解决那些必须面对面沟通的问题。

2)一个新雇员初来乍到就想有所改变，似乎不顾及过去发生的事情，婴儿潮一代出生的人对此最为恼怒的了。

3）虽然在二十世纪八十年代初在北美和欧洲部分地区多数大企业里办公室自动化都很到位， 但是因为技术仅仅是建立在陈旧的组织结构之上的，所以几乎没有什么变化。

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4）拿起任何杂志，你会看到配备了最新信息系统的奢华家居办公室的照片，示意处于紧张压力下的行政人员在一个安宁的环境中放松下来，释放心中的创意和智慧。

5）工人因为完成特定的工作，如准时上班和配合别人的工作而被支付工资的“传统工作”和“职位工资”的旧概念很可能会被重新调整。/按照“传统工作”和“职位工资”的旧概念，工人因为完成特定的工作，如准时上班和配合别人的工作而被支付工资，而这些很可能会被重新调整。

2. Put the following into English.

1) For a century and a half West and East have joined here, sometimes blending, sometimes clashing, but always spawning dazzling contrasts that make a visit here simply unforgettable. 2）Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.

3) We are seeing information technology reach the point that all transformational technologies reach when they are no longer controlled by just a small group of skilled professionals, and they cross over to mass acceptance and ubiquity.

4) Ecotourism is a boom industry. Wherever wildlife exists in a relatively undisturbed area/district/state, from the tropics to the poles, today’s environmentally aware tourists are willing to pay large sums to see it.

5）If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

Exercise 2

A. Put the following into Chinese.

1）Xers一代（X世代人） —— 出生于1965至1980年。在成长时期，他们进入了电子游戏和个人电脑的时代，因此他们技术上有实际经验。但他们的父母由于亲眼目睹了急剧增长的离婚率，以及自己多年兢兢业业奋战在工作岗位上、服务于宗教组织或大公司，到头来还是下岗，他们灌输给孩子的是对制度的怀疑和不信任。Xers一代不期望忠实于雇主（能有

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什么回报），所以，为谋求专业上的发展而跳槽在他们看来不成问题。

2) 对于那些有充分的心理想象力的人来说，设想自己与一个持不同偏见的人进行争论，也不失为良策。比起与真正的对手交锋来说，这样做有一个好处（也只有一点好），即不会在时间和空间上受到限制。有时，这种假想的对话使我真的改变了自己的看法。即使没有改变的话，我也往往由于意识到假想中的对手可能是讲道理的而变得不那么武断和过于自信了。

B. Put the following into English.

1) Mount Tai is a perfect example of the kind of mountain resort that embodies natural scenery and cultural heritage, boasting numerous grotesque rock formations, clear waterfalls, age-old pine trees, stone bridges, temples, pavilions, pagodas, and halls. And in particular, tourists will invariantly marvel at the vast number of stone inscriptions left by famous ancient writers, scholars and calligraphers of various dynasties.

2) What is meant by politics? The word ―Politics‖ is derived from the ancient Greek word ―Polis‖, meaning a city, since in ancient Greece the basic unit of human organization was the city. From Polis‖ came the word ―Polites‖, meaning ―citizen‖, and ―Politikos‖, an adjective meaning ―relating to the city, the citizen and citizenship‖. From ―Politikos‖ is derived the English word Politics. Politics has been defined as the study of the general principles on which government can be carried on successfully, in other words, the study of the exercise of power.

Key to Unit 4

III Translation Practice

Exercise 1

1. 我们不创造幸福，就无权享受幸福；我们不创造财富也无权享受财富。

2. 如何教育孩子，使他/她长大成人以后不惹是生非，这个问题概括起来，有两种截然不同的理论。

3. 真理从来就不是纯洁无暇的，也很少是简单明了的。

4. 孩子从爱自己的父母开始，很快学会鉴别他们的言行，而且很少原谅其父母的过

错。即便是有，也寥寥无几。

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5. 他是个高个子,不修边幅，棕色的头发，又硬又密，衣服紧紧地裹着身子，仿佛身子就打衣服里长出来的，走起路来有点摇来晃去。

6. 我们必须教育孩子睁开眼睛梦想。 7. 正是为了你好我们才决定回来的。

8. 有些人得到了权利，会埋怨被剥夺了喊冤叫屈的权利。

9 下议院禁止引用希腊语，认为引用希腊语是一种学究气，但并未禁止使用拉丁语。 10. 常言道，知识是一把双刃武器；可以用来行善，同样也可以用来作恶。

B.

1. It was only during the night when she lies in bed that she feels she has a clear mind. 2. To teach fish how to swim.

3. He likes to point out other people’s shortcomings, but he means well.

4. The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated. One must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turns pale when socialism comes knocking at the door.

5. This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins.

6. …though it was so small and had no blossoms its delicate grace was utterly enchanting. 7. Today, entering for the examination, you’re going to be entirely on your own, so you’ll have

to take care of yourselves!

8. How can you kick down the ladder?

9. From the very first year of 1980s, we must devote our full attention to achieving the four

modernizations and not waste a single day.

10. That young fellow is somewhat rash.

Exercise 2

A. Put the following into Chinese.

1. 在我看来，生命似乎就呡在两片嘴唇之间。我闭上眼睛，仿佛就要把它挤出去了，并愉快地在越来越疲倦中慢慢地逝去。这只是一种念头在我心中浮现，与其他东西一样，脆弱无力。但实际上，这种念头不仅能解除人们心头的悲伤，还可以使人们带着甜蜜进入梦乡。

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2. 疼痛可以让人避免许多东西，可以让人在有时间逃脱的时候逃脱。但如果生命走到尽头，无回头路可走时，疼痛很可能就像闸门一样被关掉。它的运行机制是如此的精准和迅速，让人惊叹。如果让我来设计这样一个生态系统，生物在其中相互依生存，死亡是其不可或缺的部分，这是我认为的最好的管理方法了。

3. 当一个人病重时，他通常是没有权力说话的。一般是别人来决定他是否要送医院，何时送医院以及送哪个医院。人们几乎忘了病人也是有感觉，有意愿，有想法的， 最重要的是—有被倾听的权力。

4. 孩子被允许呆在厄运突然降临的家里，并且可以参与（大人的）谈话和讨论，这使他们感到自己并非独自承受悲哀，并能使他们从共同的责任和哀悼中获得慰籍。这样使他们渐渐地有所准备并帮助他们将死亡视为生命的一部分，这种经历可以帮助他们成长并成熟起来。 B.

1.With the increase of urban population, particularly to the larger urban areas, Bangladesh have also gone through the consequences of demographic transition affecting the age structure and also experiencing more aged people in rural areas.

2. In general older people feel that young people see them as being unable to earn income, dependent on their families for survival, and therefore as a burden. Even in rural areas where social and technological changes are less rapid, many younger people did not value the contributions of older people to the family and community. Many indicated that they see older people as difficult and irksome.

3. The strongest impression the casual reader gets, leafing through, is that proper dying has become an extraordinary, even an exotic experience, something only the specially trained get to do.

4. If you know not how to die, never trouble yourself; Nature will in a moment fully and sufficiently instruct you; she will exactly do that business for you; take you no care for it.

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Key to Unit 5

III Translation Practice

Exercise A.

1. 求职面试的“游戏”可能并不太好玩，但是如果你玩得得法的话你还是能够获胜的。这个游戏的根本就在于“与众不同”——是一种积极的方式。如果你穿着一身扮小丑的“傻瓜”服装参加面试的话，毫无疑问，你将“与众不同”，但是那种方式不可能帮助你得到这份工作。

2．在谈及你的长处时，要谈对你目前申请的工作有帮助的个性特点。如果你行事井井有条，善于创造性地解决问题；如果你能很好地与人合作或是学习新事物特别快，请把过去你的这些长处具体发挥的情况描述一番。千万别说：―我没有什么真正的弱点‖，这样的错误不能犯。假如你承认有不足之处，会使你看上去更加可信――但缺点应当是面试官很有可能喜欢的点。

3．一本好书可以是一个好朋友。它过去是，现在是，将来也是不会改变的。它是人们最有耐心、最能使人感到欢乐的伙伴。它不会在我们遇到不幸与危难的时刻背叛我们。它永远以同样的好意对待我们，在我们年青时使我们欢乐，给我们指导，在我们年老时则给我们愉悦和慰籍。

4．这次周年纪念会应该是一个老老实实地评估我们过去的失误的时机，同时也应该是一个表达我们有同样决心要做好今后工作的时机。这样，我们就可免遭挫折，并可把这次周年纪念变成一种鼓舞和成就。当我讲这番话时，我相信 —— 今天上午我们听到的发言也使我相信 —— 我是代表联合国每一位真诚和严肃的代表讲话的。

5．如果我们在中东问题上行为得当，能够继续与各方始终保持接触，那么美国就能有效地担当起总统所提出的两项任务，即在中东结束敌对行动以及对该地区的永久和平做出贡献。这就是我们的观点。

B.

1.Character is made up of principles and values that give life guidelines, make your life meaningful and significant, and are based on ―who you are‖. They include such traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness and generosity which are shaped by the hard choices that are necessary in our lives.

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2. I tell my students that there is no one \ahead since each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell them that change is healthy and that people don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have success stories outside the academic world to come and chat with my students during the academic year. Among them are heads of companies, editors of magazines, politicians, Broadway producers, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians — a mixed bag of achievers.

Key to Unit 6

Language Studies

A. 1. exempts/exempted 2. spur

3. precedent 4. ward off 5. Contraband

9. phaseout 10. comply with

6. deteriorated 7. scenario 8. boost

B. 1-5 BDCBA 6-10 DCADB 11-15 CDBAC

II Writing Skill

Exercise 1

2. First: the passing of Montreal Protocol 3. First: CFCs are being replaced

Second: ozone layer gets thinner Second: existing CFCs are destroying air Second: atmosphere repairing takes a long 4. First: atmosphere would repair itself soon time 5. First: in need of great funding 6. First: the content of the resolution resolution

7. First: to carry out joint implementation so

Second: only part of funding is available Second: the reality of carrying out the

Second: industrial nations unwilling to do

8. First: hope to get developed countries’ sponsor 9. First: excuse about global warming 10. First: wet parts get wetter

Exercise 2

Second: getting their sponsor is difficult Second: such an excuse can’t hold water Second: dry parts get drier - 10 -

1. differ 2. Despite

3. however 8. but / yet

4. Though 9. but

5. instead

6. on the contrary 7. Although

10. On the other hand

III Translation Practice

Exercise 1 A.

1. 这是我们有可能获得的关于温度上升趋势的最明确的记录。

2. 你们总统曾经警告过斯大林。我自己根据确切的情报对他提出了更加明确的警告。可以肯定地说，苏联受到突然袭击的理由是最说不过去的。

3. 他们成为尊敬别人的人，喝一点点酒，抽少许的烟；他们不仅比那些坏蛋们枪法准，还因为懂得多，而比那些坏蛋们更机灵。）

4. 这里的官员说，目前的分歧主要不是由于任何意识形态上的原因造成的，而是由于民族主义的情绪造成的。

5. 1942年1月，许多纳粹将领聚集在柏林郊区的Wannsee，准备实施“最终解决”的计划。这一计划简直就是要将在欧洲的犹太人斩尽杀绝。 B.

1. Jack was no more surprised than I was when Tom moved out of the dorm. 2. There are few experiences quite as satisfactory as getting a good idea.

3. Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.

4. The mother got rather annoyed than worried with her child when he went to the computer games after school instead of going home.

5. I do not believe there has ever been a more exciting time to be doing business here in China.

Exercise 2 A. 1.

如果仅凭良好用心和好的想法就能挽救不断恶化的大气层，那么地球上这一层脆弱的

空气就能固若金汤了。但是，人们已经确认了对滋养并保护着地球上生命的大气层造成威胁的两大危险：全球变暖和臭氧层变薄。然而更喜人的是，科学家和政策制定者已经提出了虽昂贵但切实有效的对策。

2. 好消息是，这种令人担忧的推测也许能刺激各国政府认真地采取行动。首要的行动应该是“不会后悔”的行动——也就是无论全球变暖会成为多么严重的威胁，采取行动后引发的变化都会是有益的。这些变化包括：提倡使用节能的电器和汽车。但IPCC的报告明确表示

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各国该做的还远不止这些。比如，虽然现在用太阳能电池发电比用汽油或煤炭发电昂贵，可是利用干净的太阳能来发电可以省钱。否则的话，这笔钱在以后将不得不花在对抗全球升温的恶果上。

3. 灌木和树木的根部能阻止沙土流失。它们的枝干部分也能像屏风那样阻挡大风大面积地刮起沙漠表层的沙土。如果一片沙漠里想要有生命存在，灌木和树木的这些作用都是至关重要的。科学家们估计沙漠上需要终年维持着20%到40%的植物覆盖率。如果灌木与灌木之间的距离大于它们自身高度的五倍，它们四周的沙土就可能被大风吹散。没有了已扎根的灌木的庇护，新栽种的树苗将难以存活。另一方面，靠得太紧密的植物会为了争夺地下水分而互相竞争。为了让自己在竞争中胜出，一些灌木会产生一种能杀死紧挨着它们发芽的幼苗的物质。

4. 绝大多数工作中的成功与否都是以收入的多少来衡量的，只要资本社会继续存在，这种做法就不可避免。只有把工作看作生活最佳方式时，才不会认为收入的多少是衡量成功与否的自然法则。人们渴望提高自己的收入，因为高收入能获得额外的舒适。这种渴望和渴望成功一样无可厚非。无论一份工作有多么枯燥无味，如果这份工作能为从事它的人博得名声的话（无论是在他那个小圈子里还是在整个社会里），它就变得可以忍受。从长远来看，目的的延续性是组成幸福最基本的要素之一，而对于绝大多数人来说，幸福主要来自于他们的工作。 B.

1. For most of history, humans believed that the weather was governed by forces outside their control. But today we are no longer so sure of it, for something weird is going on with the weather, from storms to hurricanes, to draughts. Some people argue that the future could be the doomsday with the melting of ice caps which will lead to the sea level rise as much as 20 feet.

2. Once home to some of the most extensive rainforests in the world, Indonesia is now losing trees at a faster rate than any other nation in the world, to flames but also to rampant logging. Since equatorial trees soak up carbon dioxide when they’re alive and release the gas when they’re cut down or burned, Indonesia’s rapid deforestation is the main reason why this country of 245-million population is the third-biggest carbon emitter in the world after the U.S. and China. 3. Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont are three of the most forested of the United States. Owned by private companies, many forests in the region have long been managed primarily for forest products, while allowing public access. In the past decade, many of these forests have been put up for sale, raising questions about their future use and management. Recent sales of large tracts have included record-settings conservation easements to limit development, maintain productive forestry and secure recreational access.

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