读写任务写作指导

读写任务写作指导

Aims:1. Learn about the general demands for the reading-andwriting task. 2. Practise writing a summary.

Writing Template 写作模板Title : Refining and brief 精练，简短

Part I: Summary 关键词 忠于原文 [约30词] Part II: Transitional words to lead in (过渡句)-- story or argumentation (经历或论证) [约100词] Part III: Conclusion

重复 呼吁 [约20词]

Methods and requirements 方法和要求:Title 标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式。要按写 作要求，根据所写短文的内容拟定标题. Is Time More Valuable Than Money? On Smoking How to Make Friends Happiness Is Watching TV a Good Thing?

**Tips :如果写作任务中要求“标题自拟” 或 “以…为题”, 就一定要写标题，如没有要求写标题，则可写可不写。

Part I: Summary议论文：论点——论据——结论. 说明文：现象——原因——结果/措施 记叙文：五要素when, where, who, what, how 1.要做到开门见山: 例如: 1) According to the passage, we know… 2) This article is mainly about… 3) The writer states that… 4) As is stated in the passage, … (字数太多时可不要)

2. 概括要抓住要点, 语言精练: (1)Underline the key words or topic sentences. (2)Sum up by rewriting or paraphrasing. (3)Check to avoid copying. 3.一般以第三人称形式表达4.去掉任何细节, 切忌在summary中加上自己 的观点.

**Tips:阅读前先了解写作话题有助于快速抓住要点.

How to avoid copying in a summary 如何避免“抄袭”?(1)同义替换

即用同义或近义的词语或句型改写。(2)语态互换

即主动语态与被动语态的转换。(3)非谓语动词短语与从句的互换

(4)合并句子

就是将几个意义联系紧密的句子合并为一句话。

Part II: 过渡句--自己的观点--实例常见的由summary 到第二段的过渡句作者的观点听起来很在理。 The author’s opinion sounds reasonable. 我非常同意作者的观点。 I do agree with the author’s opinion. I can’t agree more with the author’s opinion. 恐怕我不是很赞同作者的观点。 I’m afraid I don’t quite agree with the author’s opinion. 这个故事让我想起了我类似的经历。 The story reminds me of my similar experience. The story sets me thinking of my own experience. A similar experience of mine jumps into my mind.

Part III : Conclusion 重复 呼吁总结句开头用语： In conclusion, … In short, … In general, … In a word, … In brief, … In a nutshell, … On the whole, … All in all, … To make a long story short, … To sum up, …

Precautions 注意事项1.整体语篇层次感要强,可用连接词等引出每一段, 做到正确无误,引人入胜.

第一段: According to … (约30词)第二段: In my opinion, … (约100词)

第三段: All in all, … (约 20词)2.文中要有亮点,如地道的表达,谚语或名言.

eg. Every coin has two sides.Practice makes perfect .

Where there is a will, there is a way .

3.句子要精练简洁,做到不罗嗦。 例如:能用非谓语做定语或状语就不要用定语 从句或状语从句。 4. 一定要留有时间进行检查, 避免小语法错误扣

印象大分。例如：时态、语态、人称、名词单复数、单词

拼写等。5. 注重字体的美观、卷面的整洁。

项目 分值

评 分 标 准

5 4

概

括

3

概括全部主要信息，没有增加与原文无关的信 息，没有照抄原文句子，语言结构正确，行文 规范。 基本概括主要信息，没有增加与原文无关的信 息，没有照抄原文句子，语言结构正确，行文 规范。 基本概括主要信息，但包含一些不相关的信息， 个别句子抄自原文，语言结构基本正确，行文 比较规范。

不能概括主要信息，包含较多不相关的信息， 有较多抄袭，语言结构不够准确，行文不够规 范。 0-1 不能概括主要信息，基本上是不相关的信息， 大多数句子抄自原文，语言结构不准确，行文 不规范。2

项目 分值

评 分 标 准

18- 包含全部或绝大部分内容要点，主题明确，内容丰富 20 词汇丰富，用词得当。有效地运用合适的语言结构， 没有或极少有语法错误，篇章结构连贯性好。

写

14- 包含全部或绝大部分内容要点，主题明确，个别内容 不准确或不相关。 17 词汇较丰富，有个别用词错误。较好地运用合适的语言结构，有少许语法错误，篇章结构连贯性较好。

作 11- 包含全部或绝大部分内容要点，主题比较明确，个别 内容不准确或不相关。 13词汇较丰富，有个别用词错误。较好地运用合适的语 言结构，有少许语法错误，篇章结构基本连贯。 包含部分内容要点，主题基本明确，有些内容不准确 或不相关。

710

词汇有限，有较多用词错误。语言结构出现较多语法 错误，篇章结构连贯性较差。

Writing practice 1 Years ago it was very difficult to travel from one place to another. The journeys were often long, tiring and dangerous. Today the picture has changed. Science has improved transportation and communication facilities a great deal. Traveling has become safer, more enjoyable and above all, more economical. Traveling — whether within one’s country or abroad — brings many invaluable benefits. People travel for pleasure, business or for education and knowledge. In the world of yesterday most people were only able to read about strange and fascinating places across the mountains and seas. Later, with the coming of

the cinema and television, man’s curiosity about faraway places with strange sounding names was further stirred up. Today man’s curiosity can be satisfied in luxurious comfort. There are first-class ships and airplanes to take him where his dreams lie. We tra

vel to increase our knowledge of the world in which we live. Knowledge obtained from books alone is not enough. New knowledge of different lands and peoples enrich our mind and soul. Books generally do not give us a very true picture of lands beyond our shores. Some of them are even misleading.

A possible version for Writing practice 1 With the help of science, transportation makes traveling safer and easier, which brings lots of benefits like satisfying man’s curiosity and increasing man’s knowledge of the world. 同义替换 句型转换 句子合并、语态互换

(31 words)

Homework Finish Writing Practice 2.

Thanks for listening.

Writing practice 2Sleep is a serious business for China’s education authorities. Yu Jianwei, an official of the National People’s Congress Internal and Judicial Affairs Department (全国人大内务司法事务总署), said that according to a survry, at least 30 million students under the age of 17 have suffered from a variety of emotional and behavioral problems. The number of people under the age of 18 in China is more than 300 million. As early as in 1994, the National Education Committee (the predecessor(前身)of the Ministry of Education) issued a document to guarantee sleep for students. On June 1, 2007, the revised law On the Protection of Minors(未成年人保护法)stated that schools and parents must ensure that primary and secondary school students get enough sleep.

The Education Ministry regulates the amount of homework the students are given and also dictates that teachers are not allowed to occupy students’ spare time, including weekends and vocations, with extra classes. In 2008, schools in three districts in Shanghai began asking students to arrive half an hour later, and replaced the original morning reading time with physical activity. In addition to Shenyang, many other provinces and cities have introduced measures to ensure primary and secondary school students get more sleep.

A possible version for Writing practice 2 As the report states, a lack of sleep may cause many problems,especially for adolescents .The problem has gained extensive attention of the society, and some measures has been taken to ensure enough sleep for students. 同义替换 句子合并 语态互换

(36 words)

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