中国特色语言词组对应翻译

按照客观规律和科学规律办事 act in compliance with objective and scientific laws

八个坚持、八个反对 eight do’s and eight don’ts 八项主张 eight-point proposal

保持昂扬向上的精神状态 be filled with an enterprising spirit

保证中央的政令畅通 ensure the Central Committee’s decisions are carried out without fail

标本兼治 address both the symptoms and root causes 不确定因素 uncertainties

参政议政 participation in and deliberation of state affairs

长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe 长治久安 maintain prolonged stability 长治久安 maintain prolonged stability 崇尚科学 respect and promote science 传播先进文化 spread advanced culture 传统安全威胁 traditional threats to security 从严治军 the army must be strict with itself 党的领导方式 the Party’s style of leadership

党的民族政策 the Party’s policy toward ethnic minorities 党的侨务政策 the Party’s policy toward overseas Chinese affairs

党的宗教信仰自由政策 the Party’s policy toward the freedom of religious belief

党风廉政建设责任制 responsibility system for improving the Party’s work

style and building clean government

党内情况通报制度、情况反映制度和重大决策征求意见制度 inner-Party information sharing and reporting systems and the system of soliciting opinions concerning major policy decisions 党要管党、从严治党 the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members 党员管理工作 management of Party membership

党政机关 Party and government organs 党政领导干部职务任期制、辞职制和用人失察失误责任追究制 the system of fixed tenures, the system of resignation and the system of accountability for neglect of supervisory duty or the use of the wrong person with regard to leading cadres of the Party and government

党总揽全局、协调各方的原则 principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters 电子政务 e-government

独立负责、步调一致地开展工作 assume one’s responsibilities independently and make concerted efforts in one’s work

独立公正地行使审判权和检察权 exercise adjudicative and procuratorial powers independently and impartially

多重多头执法 duplicate law enforcement

多重多头执法 duplicate law enforcement

发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面 develop the political situation characterized by democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony

发展平等团结互助的社会主义民族关系 enhance socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance 法定职能 legal functions 法律援助 legal aid

法制观念 awareness of law

反腐败领导体制 leadership system against corruption 防卫作战能力 defense capabilities

非传统安全威胁 non-traditional threats to security 丰富民主形式 develop diverse forms of democracy 干部人事制度 cadre and personnel system

干部双重管理体制 system of dual control over cadres

高知识群体 prominent intellectuals 公共事务 public affairs

公务员制度 system of public servants 公益事业 programs for public good

公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序 a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational 公正司法 judicial justice

共产党执政 共同利益的汇合点 converging points of common interests

管理有序、文明祥和的新型社区 new-type and well-managed communities featuring civility and harmony 广纳群贤 gather large numbers of talented people 国防动员体制 mobilization system for national defense

国防科技工业体制改革 restructuring of defense-related science, technology and industry

国际关系民主化 promote democracy in international relations 国家要统一，民族要复兴 China will be reunified, and the Chinese nation will be rejuvenated 国家意志 will of the state

合理配置教育资源 allocate education resources rationally 弘扬科学精神 promote the scientific spirit 弘扬主旋律 highlight the themes of the times 互联网站 Internet website

基本行为准则 basic code of conduct

基层自治组织 grassroots self-governing organizations

基础性工作 groundwork

积极防御的军事战略方针 military strategic principle of active defense 加大治本的力度 devote greater efforts to tackling root causes 加强法制宣传教育 give more publicity to the legal system 加强立法工作 strengthen legislation

加强文化法制建设 build up a legal system concerning culture 加强制度建设 concentrate on institutional improvement

驾驭市场经济的能力 abilities of keeping the market economy well in hand

坚持打防结合、预防为主 combine punishment and prevention, with emphasis on the latter

坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必纠 see to it that there are laws to go by, the laws are observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers are prosecuted

坚持正确导向 give correct guidance to the public

坚决维护中央权威 safeguard the authority of the Central Committee 教育创新 innovation in education 教育改革 reform of education

结构合理、配置科学、程序严密、制约有效的权力运行机制 mechanism for the exercise of power featuring reasonable structure, scientific distribution, rigorous procedures and effective restraint

进行和平统一谈判 hold negotiations on peaceful reunification

进行理论思维和战略思维 think on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective

精简、统一、效能的原则 principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency

决策的论证制和责任制 verification system and responsibility system in making policy decisions

决策机关 decision-making organs

军事法规体系 system of military rules and regulations

军政军民团结 solidarity between the army and the government and between the army and the people 开展对话 conduct dialogue

科技练兵 science- and technology-related military training 科技强军 build a strong army through science and technology 跨越式发展 leapfrog development

扩大公民有序的政治参与 expand citizens’ participation in political affairs in an orderly way

老少边穷地区 old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, and impoverished areas

立党为公、执政为民 the Party is built for the public and it exercises state power for the people

领导干部述职述廉制度 system under which leading cadres report on their work and their efforts to perform their duties honestly

面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化 national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future 民主管理制度 democratic management system

民主集中制是民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合的制度 democratic centralism is a system that integrates centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance 民主监督 democratic supervision 民族精神 national spirit

切身利益 immediate interests

勤俭建军 build the army through diligence and thrift

求真务实、开拓进取的精神 truth-seeking and pioneering spirit 趋利避害 draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign

权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法体制 judicial system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities, mutual coordination and restraint and highly efficient operation

群众性精神文明创建活动 popular participation in building spiritual civilization

人才合理流动 rational flow of trained people

人财物管理体制 management system of human, financial and material resources

人事分类管理制度 system of classified management of cadres and personnel

“三个代表”重要思想 the important thought of Three Represents

三军一体、军民兼容、平战结合的联勤保障体制 integrated logistic support system for the three armed services, for both military and civilian purposes and for both peacetime and wartime

社会公示制度 a system of keeping the public informed 社会力量办学 nongovernmental sectors run schools 社会听证制度 a system of public hearings

社会治安综合治理 take comprehensive measures to maintain law and order

社会中介组织 intermediaries

社会主义民主政治 socialist democracy

社情民意反映制度 a system of reporting social conditions and public opinion

深入了解民情、充分反映民意、广泛集中民智、切实珍惜民力 go deep among the people and get to know how they are faring, reflect their will, pool their wisdom and value their resources 师德 (teachers’) professional ethics

实现公平和正义 guarantee fairness and justice

实现机构和编制的法定化 delimit the structures and sizes statutorily 实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化和程序化 ensure that socialist democracy is institutionalized and standardized and has its procedures 实行民主监督 exercise democratic supervision 世界是丰富多彩的 Ours is a colorful world

事业单位管理体制 management system of institutions

树立互信、互利、平等和协作的新安全观 foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination

树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观 foster correct world outlook, views on life and values

司法机关 judicial organs

司法审判和检察同司法行政事务相分离 separate judicial adjudication and procuratorial work from administrative affairs 司法体制改革 reform of the judicial system 思想道德体系 ideological and ethical system 思想政治建设 ideological and political development 素质教育 quality-oriented education 提倡多样化 encourage diversity

提高党的领导水平和执政水平 enhance the Party’s art of leadership and

governance

提高科学判断形势的能力 improve one’s ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way

提高立法质量 improve the quality of legislation 提高全民法律素质 people are better educated in law

提高全民健康水平 improve the physique of the entire people 提高执法水平 raise the level of law enforcement

提高总揽全局的能力 enhance one’s ability of commanding the whole situation

团结就是力量 solidarity means strength 团结就是胜利 solidarity means victory

推进决策科学化民主化 put decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis

完善城市居民自治 improve self-governance among urban residents 完善村民自治 improve self-governance among villagers

完善干部职务和职级相结合的制度 improve the system of giving cadres both positions and ranks

完善公开办事制度 improve the system of keeping the public informed of matters being handled

维护法制的统一和尊严 safeguard the uniformity and sanctity of the legal system

维护国家统一、民族团结 safeguard national unity and ethnic solidarity 维护司法公正 safeguard judicial justice

围绕中心、服务大局 focus on the central task and serve the overall interests

伪科学 pseudo-science

文化产业 cultural industry

文化产业政策 policies toward the cultural industry 文化创新 cultural innovation

文化公益事业 public cultural undertakings 文化建设 cultural development

文化市场体系 system of markets for cultural products 文化事业 cultural undertakings 文化体制改革 cultural restructuring

文化与经济和政治相互交融 culture is interactive with economic and political activities

1．建设节约型社会

to build a conservation-conscious society

2．发展循环经济

to develop a circular economy

3．以资源的高效和循环利用，促进经济、社会的可持续发展

to promote sustainable economic and social development through efficient use and reuse of resources

4．坚持资源开发与节约并重，把节约放在首位的方针

to uphold the policy of emphasizing the equal importance of both the exploitation and conservation of resources, giving added weight to the latter

5．全面推进资源节约和综合利用

to push ahead with a nationwide campaign of economizing on and making comprehensive use of resources

6．加大对资源节约和循环利用关键技术的攻关力度

to make greater efforts to develop critical technology for the purpose of conservation and recycle of resources

7．完善有利于节约资源的财税政策

to further improve the financial and taxation policies so as to encourage resource conservation

8．发展节能型交通运输工具

to develop a new generation of energy-efficient means of transportation

9．开发利用可再生能源

to exploit and utilize renewable energy resources

10．加快节能技术服务体系建设

to speed up the establishment of technical service systems for more efficient use of energy resources

1．再生资源的回收利用

recyclable use of renewable resources

2．第六届亚欧财长会议

The Sixth Asia-Europe Finance Ministers’ Meeting

3．亚欧新型全面伙伴关系

a new type of comprehensive Asia-Europe partnership

4．采取负责任的宏观经济政策

to adopt a macro-economic policy in a responsible manner

5．保持主要储备货币间的币值稳定

to maintain stability among major reserve currencies

6．深化财政和金融实质性合作

to enhance substantive cooperation in the fiscal and financial sector

7．经济运行中突出问题

the glaring problems in the economic operation

8．相知无远近，万里尚为邻

Long distances cannot separate true friends sharing one heart; they can be like close neighbors even thousands of miles apart.

9．建立应对经济和金融突发事件的紧急对话机制

to establish a dialogue mechanism in response to economic and financial eventualities 1．红色旅游 red tourism

2．红色旅游区

red tourist destinations (sites/spots)related to the history of CPC tourist destinations (sites/spots) of revolutionary traditional interests

3．红色旅游精品路线

choice (recommended/highlight) tours of revolutionary heritage (tradition)

4．从善如流

to readily follow good advice to do good naturally and happily

to follow good advice as naturally as a river follows its course to take advice with a receptive mind to be open-minded to something to be open to advice and criticism to readily follow what is right

5．仁至义尽

to exercise (show) the utmost restraint/forbearance

6．台湾问题不能出事

things must be kept within bounds as far as the Taiwan question is concerned the Taiwan question should not (be allowed to) get out of control

7．拉美国下水

to drag the US into troubled waters (the mire) to make the US hostage to the … issue

8．自欺欺人

deceive oneself as well as others self-deception

9．顺民意，合民情

accord with the popular will and sentiments

10．普遍认为法律条文比较平和，宽松 (反分裂国家法)

The wording of the law is generally considered to be fairly moderate and tolerate in tone 11．（客远包机）节日化

to make charter flights available on festival basis

to make charter flights available for traditional festivals

1．全国人大高票通过《反分裂国家法》(实际上没有反对票)。 The NPC passed the Anti-Secession Law with no dissenting/opposing votes.

2. 两国边境地区可以说是阡陌相通, 鸡犬之声相闻 (中缅关系)。

China and Myanmar are close neighbors with their border people living within hailing distance.

3. 中国政府打击知识产权违法行为是坚定不移和毫不手软的。 The Chinese government is firm and resolute in fighting IPR violations.

4. 我们不应该厚此薄彼。

We should not favor one to the neglect of the other. We should not play favoritism.

5. 走自己的路,让别人说去吧。

Go one’s own way, whatever others may say.

6. 反分裂法是被逼出来的。

We have no choice but to enact the Anti-Secession Law. The Anti-Secession Law is driven by circumstances.

The Anti-Secession Law is enacted under compelling circumstances.

7. 三十而立, 四十不惑。

At the age of 30, a man should be able to stand on his own feet; at 40, he should be able to avoid perplexities.

8. 讲公道话, 办公道事。 Be fair in word and deed.

9. 黄金发展期

golden(rare/prime) period of development

10. 矛盾凸显期 (二十一世纪上半叶,我们既面临”黄金发展期”,又面对矛盾凸显期。) a period of increasing problems a period of major challenges

词汇学习--upstart: 暴发户；新贵

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日前，德国大众汽车在北京公布了全新中国市场发展策略--“奥林匹克计划”，其中明确宣布，大众将在2008年前停止在产能方面的投资，以改变其近年来在中国的市场份额一度下滑的局面，另外，德国大众首次明确表态，积极支持合资企业生产中国自有品牌产品。

请看外电中的这样一句话：Facing intense competition both from global rivals like General Motors Corp. and domestic upstarts like Chery Automobile Co., VW has seen its market share drop to 18 percent, from well over 50 percent in the 1990s.

文中的upstart 指的是\暴发户；新贵\。我国改革开放初期，在沿海地区涌现出一批一夜暴富的人，就是这里的upstart。Upstart作动词用时，意思是“突然跳起，突然发”，其“暴发户”的含义就是由此引申而来。此外，upstart还可作形容词用，表示“暴富的”、“狂妄自大的”。例如：an upstart interloper（无营业执照的暴发户）；He dreaded their upstart ambition.（他惧怕他们的狂妄野心。） 1． 赢得主动 (从实际情况出发, 选择适合国情的发展模式是赢得主动, 加快发展的关键。) to take the initiative to gain the upper hand

to master the situation

2. 保持共产党员先进性

to maintain the vanguard nature (of the Communists)

3. 整体资源 (加强互利合作，运用整体资源是应对全球化的有效途径。) to use pooled (all/aggregate) resources

4. 能耗转移 (随着世界制造业向中国大规模转移，也带来一定程度的“能耗转移”。) The massive shift of manufacturing to China has also brought about a transfer of energy consumption to a certain degree.

5. 中国的自身发展

China’s own development

6. 两难问题（在经济和社会协调过程中一系列两难问题的挑战）

dilemma in the process of coordinating economic and social development

7. 高投入，高消耗，高污染的旧式工业化道路 the

old-style

industrialization

characterized

by

（

with/featuring

）

high input, high consumption and high pollution

8. 不合时宜的社会治理模式 outdated governance

9. 后兴大国

late-coming/late coming power catching-up power

10. 后发优势

advantages of a late comer * 经济学: catching-up effect

11. 后发现代化国家

China, a late-comer in modernization

12. 以意识形态划线的冷战思维

the cold-war mentality （thinking）of alignment by ideologies 1．节约型发展道路

resource efficient (conservation/thrifty) development strategy

2. 中等收入阶层

middle-income group (section)

3. 中国特色的人力资源优势

China’s advantage in human resources

4. 世界经验还要借鉴下去，中国特色还要坚持下去。

We will continue to draw on foreign experience while maintaining Chinese characteristics.

5. (消费结构)基本生活型

consumption pattern of low-income groups (国外经济学) consumption pattern of meeting the basic needs of life

6. 现代生活型

modern-life consumption pattern

7. 住房公积金

publicly accumulated housing fund housing fund

8. (在爱滋病区)实行免费匿名检测 free and confidential test

9. 民主政治

democracy

10. (政协)反映社情民意

to reflect social conditions and public opinion

1．善于同……周旋

to tactfully deal with

2. 主导因素

leading（dominant）factor

3. 忧患意识和塑造意识

sense of urgency and willingness to initiate (to shape things)

4. 两元经济结构 urban-rural dual economy

5. 科学发展观

to take a scientific approach to development to pursue a scientific strategy of development

6. 第十一个五年规划 规划：guidelines

the Eleventh Five-Year Development Guidelines

7. 生活垃圾无害化处理

domestic garbage was harmlessly treated innocuous disposal of domestic garbage

8. 绿化覆盖率 greenery coverage

9. 农村土地确权

verify/establish rural land-use rights

10. 多点支撑的增长局面初步形成

economic growth has been brought by multiple props/driving forces/multi-stimuli economic growth has been driven by … * 经济增长点：growth areas/growth sectors

11. 会展经济

conference economy

12. 城乡一体的紧急医疗救援体系

integrated urban-rural emergency medical service system

13. 山区搬迁

relocate/resettle mountain inhabitants 1. 全程办事代理制 full range agent service through agent service

2. “一站式”办公 one-stop service

3. 降低企业准入门槛

to lower the threshold for market entry (access)

4. 工伤保险

work-related injury insurance

5. 社会守法意识、公德意识有待增强

to strengthen law-abiding and social ethics awareness

6. 城市快速路 city expressway

7. 城市主干路

city thoroughfare/avenue

8. 公共客运系统 mass transit system

9. 建设园林景观道路

to landscape roads

1．弱势群体 disadvantaged groups

(对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)

2．西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 3．加快经济结构调整 to accelerate economic restructuring 4．购买力 purchasing power

5．城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system

6．下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 7．离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees 8．特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits 9．试点项目 pilot project

10．抵抗全球经济衰退 to combat the global economic slump 1．医疗改革 health care reform

2．农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor force 3．年度国家预算annual state budge

4．扩大内需，刺激消费 to expand domestic demand and stimulate consumption 5．生计问题 bread-and-butter issue 6．乡镇企业 township enterprises 7．生态建筑 ecological construction 8．国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOE)

9．人均国内生产总值 per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) 10．国民生产总值 gross national product (GNP) 1．经济房 low-cost housing 2．不良贷款 non-performing loans

3．起草社会治安法 to draft a social security law 4．制定反贪法规 anti-corruption legislation

5．资源丰富的内陆地区 （指中国西部）the resource-rich hinterland 6．长江流域的生态掩体 an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 7．海峡两岸关系 cross-Strait relations 8．基层监督 grass-roots supervision

9．西部大开发战略 develop-the-west strategy 10．不进则退no progress simply means regression

1．使大多数亏损企业扭亏为盈 to bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 2．亏损企业 loss-generating enterprises 3．国有企业重组 to regroup SOEs

4．成长型企业市场 （指二板市场）growing enterprise market (GEM) 5．下岗工人基本生活津贴 the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 6．隐形就业 hidden employment 7．网络公司 a web-based economy

8．国家发展计划委员会 the State Development Planning Commission 9．费改税改革 tax-for-fees reform 10．国库券 treasury bonds

11．扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款 to expand housing loans, student loans and

major commodity loans

12．债转股 debt-to-equity swap 13．剪彩仪式 ribbon-cutting ceremonies

1 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 2 世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 3 乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round

4 最惠国待遇（现通常称\正常贸易关系\）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment 5 争端解决机构 dispute settlement body

6 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)

7 《北美自由贸易协定》 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 8 东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area

9 东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) 10 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…

11 非配额产品 quota-free products

12 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects 13 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment

14 国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 15 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 16 瓶颈制约 \

17 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定） ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 18 （补贴协议）可诉补贴 actionable subsidy 19 上诉机构 appeal body

20 基础税率 base tariff level

21 国际收支条款 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 22 既定日程 built-in agenda 23 约束水平 bound level

24 ( 欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Policy 25 规避 circumvention

26 反补贴税 countervailing duty 27 交叉报复 cross retaliation 28 海关完税价值 customs value

29 环保型技术 EST(Environmentally-sound technology)

30 出口实绩 export performance 31 出口补贴 export subsidy 32 粮食安全 food security

33 免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家) free-rider 34 政府采购government procurement 35 灰色区域措施 grey area measures

36 WTO最不发达国家高级别会议 HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)

37 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度） HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 38 进口许可 import licensing 39 进口渗透 import penetration

40 最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 41 知识产权 IPRs (Intellectual property rights)

42 最不发达国家 LDCs (Least-developed countries) 43 当地含量 local content 44 市场准入 market access 45 专门的营销机构 market boards 46 (服务贸易)自然人 natural person 47 国民待遇 national treatment

48 (利益的)丧失和减损 nullification and impairment 49 (争端解决)专家组 panel

50 (《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款 peace clause 51 诸边协议 plurilateral agreement

52 (服务贸易)自然人流动 presence of natural person 53 生产补贴 production subsidy 54 消费膨胀 inflated consumption 55 慢性萧条 chronic depression 56 进口环节税 import linkage tax

57 北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 58 全球配额 global quota 59 祖父条款 grandfather clause

60 贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 61 国际清算 international settlement 62 横向兼并 horizontal merger 63 垂直兼并 vertical merger

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