新编大学英语2视听说Unit4答案+原文

Unit Four Psychology in Our Daily Life

Part 1 Listening, Understanding and Speaking Listening I

Exercise 1 1)F 2)T 3)T 4)F 5)F 6)F

Exercise 2 1)prison 2)the digging 3)ten 4)the money; the gun 5)plant the potatoes Script:

A potato farmer was sent to prison just at the time when he should have been digging the ground for planting the new crop of potatoes. He knew that his wife would not be strong enough to do the digging by herself, but she could manage to do the planting; and he also knew that he did not have any friends or neighbors who would be willing to do the digging for him. So he wrote a letter to his wife which said, “Please do not dig the potato field. I hid the money and the gun there.”

Ten days later he got a letter from his wife. It said, “I think somebody is reading your letters before they go out of the prison. Some policemen arrived here two days ago and dug up the whole potato field. What shall I do now?”

The prisoner wrote back at once, “Plant the potatoes, of course.”

Listening II Exercise 1 √4 √5 Exercise 2

1)the lift service 2)engineers 3)Add more lifts 4)faster ones 5)too expensive 6)a psychologist 7)Place a large mirror 8)simple 9)inexpensive Script:

The manager of a large office building received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He hired a group of engineers to study the situation. They suggested two solutions: 1) adding more lifts of the same type; 2) replacing the lifts with faster ones.

The manager decided that both suggestions were too expensive. So he asked a psychologist to study the problem. The psychologist noticed that many people felt angry and impatient because they thought they had to wait too long for the lifts. However, the psychologist found that they had to wait only a relatively short time. It occurred to him that the reason they felt angry and impatient was that they had nothing to do while they were waiting for the lifts. He suggested a simple, inexpensive solution to the manager. This was adopted and complaints stopped immediately. The solution was to place a large mirror next to the lifts.

Listening III

Exercise 1 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)T Exercise 2

1)office 2)discussion 3)Immediately 4)long 5)describing 6)wrongs 7)over 8)shoulders 9)minutes 10)speechless Script:

After just a few years of marriage, filled with constant arguments, a young man and his wife decided the only way to save their marriage was to try therapy. They had been at each other's throats for some time and felt that this was their last resort.

When they arrived at the therapist's office, the therapist jumped right in and opened the floor for discussion, “What seems to be the problem?” Immediately, the husband held his long face down without anything to say. On the other hand, the wife began describing all the wrongs within their marriage.

After 5—10—15 minutes of listening to the wife, the therapist went over to her, picked her up by her shoulders, kissed her for several minutes, and sat her back down. Afterwards, the wife sat there—speechless.

He looked over at the husband who was staring in disbelief at what had happened. The therapist spoke to the husband, “Your wife NEEDS that at least twice a week!”

The husband scratched his head and replied, “I can have her here on Tuesdays and Thursdays.”

Listening IV

Exercise 1 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)F

Exercise 2 1)less stressed 2)stress level; heart rate; blood pressure 3)discussion; social interaction; relaxed 4)laugh; great Script:

Joan: I'm so stressed out! I just can't get that new computer program written. I wonder if I'll ever finish it. I'm supposed to have dinner with my best friend from college tonight but I think I should call her and say I can't.

Thomas: No, Joan, don't call her. Have dinner with her and have a good time.

Shelly: I agree with Kristen. Have dinner and talk about what fun you two had in college. Tomorrow you'll feel less stressed.

Joan: How do you know, Shelly?

Shelly: I recently read an article in the magazine Psychology Today. It said social support, especially with old and good friends, can help you keep down your stress level. It can actually slow your heart rate and reduce your blood pressure.

Thomas: I read that too. It also said that making time for close relationships is vital to helping you have good health. Some research suggests that people who are socially connected get a better night's rest too. Joan: OK, I'll go. I really wanted to, but, well, you know... By the way, Kristen, your job is stressful too. What are you doing tonight?

Thomas: I've joined a book discussion group. We're meeting tonight. I always enjoy the discussion and social interaction, so I go home afterwards, feeling relaxed.

Shelly: I'm going to call my sister. We don't live close to each other so we phone when we can and laugh a lot. I always feel great afterwards.

Joan: Sounds like we'll all be “distressing” tonight. I'm glad we talked.

Part 2 Viewing, Understanding and Speaking Exercise 1 1)BCFHI 2)ADEG Exercise 2

1)6:55 2)New York 3)mechanical problems 4)their flight is overdue/delayed 5)the coffee shop 6)seating on another airline 7)1120

Part 3 Video Appreciation and Singing for Fun Exercise 1 1)F 2)F 3)F 4)T 5)T 6)F 7)T 8)T Exercise 2 √A √B √C √D

Exercise 3 1)curse 2)stuck 3)checkout 4)assess; objectively; 5)field; vision 6)fed 7)shoot 8)overtake

Part 4 Further Listening Listening I

Exercise 1 √B √E

Exercise 2 1)T 2)F 3)F 4)T 5)T Script:

Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural preference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological space needs is important because they strongly influence your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, then it's very likely that you will also provide separate bedrooms for your children. In America they train people to want their own private rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many cultures the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in a crib near their bed.

The areas in the home where people meet also reveal a lot about psychological space needs. Some families cluster, and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little places where family members go to be alone.

Although psychological space needs are not determined by economic factors, they sometimes have to be modified a little because of economic pressures. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs.

Listening II

Exercise 1 1)psychologists 2)influence 3)experimented 4)carrier 5)observed 6)normal 7)10 percent of the passers-by helped the non-handicapped man, and 15 percent helped the man with a cast. 8)set up a similar experiment in a situation where the subjects couldn’t leave.

Exercise 2 1)A student volunteer 2)experiment 3)same 4)books 5)75 6)37.5 7)distracting 8)notice 9)respond 10)further annoyed 11)the noise 12)help out Script:

Two recent studies by psychologists suggest that noise can influence how nice we are to others. They experimented by giving people a chance to help someone in trouble. A person would see a man carrying two boxes filled with books. As the person came closer, the book carrier dropped several books. The other researcher observed whether the passer-by offered to help.

When the noise level was normal, 20 percent of the passers-by helped. When the experimenter wore a cast on his arm, 80 percent offered help.

But when a very noisy lawnmower was nearby, 10 percent of the passers-by helped the non-handicapped man, and 15 percent helped the man with a cast.

It seemed that people were less helpful when it was noisy because they wanted to escape the noise. So the researchers set up a similar experiment in a situation where the subjects couldn't leave.

A student volunteer waited in a room before being called for an experiment he expected. The

experimenter waited in the same room, holding some books. He dropped the books. The noise level in the room varied from normal to loud; 75 percent of the 52 students helped pick up the books under normal conditions, but only half that many volunteered when the room was noisy. Perhaps because of the distracting noise, the students didn't notice and respond quickly to the book-dropping. Or perhaps the book-dropping further annoyed the students already irritated by the noise, making them less likely to help out.

Listening III

Exercise 1 1)C 2)A 3)C 4)A 5)B

Exercise 2 1)identify personalities 2)achievement 3)parties 4)center 5)crowd 6)getting along with 7)friendly; caring 8)planned 9)structured 10)a few friends 11)a big group Script:

(Three students, John, Sue, and Kelly, are looking at magazines in the library and commenting on some articles they see.)

John: I think I've seen everything now! Sue: What do you mean?

John: Have you ever heard of psycho-geometrics? Sue: No.

John: I hadn't either. It's a new way of identifying personalities. Kelly: How?

John: You think of the four basic shapes—square, triangle, circle and rectangle and decide which shape you like best.

Sue: I like triangles. They make me think of the ancient Egyptian pyramids. What does that say about me?

John: The triangle stands for ambition and high achievement. Sue: I like that. What else?

John: You like to achieve. Once you decide what you want, nothing will stop you. Also you like to give big parties for friends and love being in the center of the crowd.

Kelly: That fits you, Sue. What about me? I like circles. That's why I wear my blouse with the dots on it so often.

John: The circle is a symbol of unity. Getting along with others is most important to you. You're friendly, caring and a good listener. No wonder you're so popular! Kelly: That's nice to know. What about you?

John: I like squares. This is supposed to mean that I like things to be planned and structured, and also that finishing things is important to me. Kelly: What else?

John: It says that I prefer being with just a few friends rather than with a big group. That's really true. Sue: Do you believe all of this, John? John: I don't know but it's fun to think about.

Listening IV Exercise 1

1)American history 2)$64,000 3)the best guest; missed a question 4)second 5)easier; play it safe Exercise 2 1)C 2)B 3)B 4)A 5)A Script:

Bob had finally made it to the last round of the $64,000 Question. The night before the big question, he told the host that he desired a question on American history. The big night had arrived. Bob made his way on stage in front of the studio and TV audience. He had become the talk of the week. He was the best guest this show had ever seen. The host stepped up to the mike.

“Bob, you have chosen American history as your final question. You know that if you correctly answer this question, you will walk away $64,000 richer. Are you ready?”

Bob nodded with confidence. The audience went nuts. He hadn't missed a question all week.

“Bob, your question on American history is a two-part question. As you know, you may answer either part first. As a rule, the second half of the question is always easier. Which part would you like to answer first?”

Bob was now becoming very nervous. He couldn't believe it, but he was drawing a blank. American history was his easiest subject, but he played it safe. “I'll try the easier part first.”

The host nodded approvingly. “Here we go, Bob. I will ask you the second half first, then the first half.” The audience silenced with great anticipation.

“Bob, here is your question: And in what year did it happen?”

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