产品包装测试标准
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ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
ISTA-3A包裝測試標準
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 1 of 25
ISTA, Your Alliance in Transport Packaging, is the world leader in Performance Tests for Packaged-Products.
ISTA 3 Series tests are advanced tests and are designed to:
Challenge the capability of the package and product to withstand transport hazards, but Utilize general simulation of actual transport hazards, and
Do not necessarily comply with carrier packaging regulations.
When properly executed, ISTA procedures will provide tangible benefits of:
Product to market time reduction
Confidence in product launch
Reduction in damages and product loss
Balanced distribution costs
Customer satisfaction contributing to increased market share
There are three sections to this Procedure: Overview, Testing and Reporting
Overview provides general knowledge required before testing and
Testing presents the specific instructions to do laboratory testing and
Reporting indicates what data shall be recorded to submit a test report to ISTA.
Two systems of weights and measures are presented in ISTA test procedures: SI (Metric) or English system (Inch-Pound).
Metric units are shown first followed by the Inch-Pound units in parentheses; there are exceptions in some tables (when
shown separately).
Familiarity with the following units and symbols used in this document is required:
For measuring Metric units and symbols English units and symbols
Weight kilograms (kg) or grams (gm) pounds (lb)
Distance meters (m) or millimeters (mm) feet (ft) or inches (in)
Volume Cubic centimeters (cm3) Cubic inches (in3)
Density kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) pounds per cubic inch (lb/in3)
Temperature Centigrade (°C) Fahrenheit (°F)
Absolute Pressure Kilopascal (kPa) Pounds per square inch (psi)
Either system may be used as the unit of measure (standard units), but
The standard units chosen shall be used consistently throughout the procedure.
Units are converted to two significant figures and
Not exact equivalents.
NOTE:
In other ISTA Test Procedures 68 kilograms is used as the conversion from 150 pounds. In 3A, 70 kilograms and 150
pounds are used because it’s a common dividing point found in parcel delivery systems from countries that use either metric
(SI) or English (inch-pounds) units of measure.
VERY IMPORTANT:
The entire document shall be read and understood before proceeding with a test.
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
Copyright © 2006 by International Safe Transit Association. All rights Reserved.
ISTA 3 Series
General Simulation
Performance
Test Procedure
3A2
6
Packaged-Products for Parcel Delivery System Shipment
70 kg (150 lb) or Less
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 2 of 25
OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 3A
Test Procedure 3A is a general simulation test for individual packaged-products shipped through a parcel delivery system.
The test is appropriate for four different types of packages commonly distributed as individual packages, either by air or
ground. The types include standard, small, flat and elongated packages. 3A includes an optional combination of a Vibration
and Vacuum (high altitude’s lowered air pressure) test. This tests the container’s (whether primary package or transport
package) ability to hold a seal or closure and the retention of contents (liquid, powder or gas) without leaking.
STANDARD packaged-products shall be defined as any packaged-product that does not meet any of the definitions below
for a small, flat or elongated packaged-product. A Standard packaged-product may be packages such as traditional
fiberboard cartons, as well as plastic, wooden or cylindrical containers.
SMALL packaged-products shall be defined as any packaged-product where the:
volume is less than 13,000 cm3 (800 in3), and
longest dimension is 350 mm (14 in) or less and
weight is 4.5 kg (10 lb) or less.
FLAT packaged-products shall be defined as any packaged-product where the:
shortest dimension is 200 mm (8 in) or less and
next longest dimension is four (4) or more times larger than the shortest dimension, and
volume is 13,000 cm3 (800 in3) or greater.
ELONGATED packaged-products shall be defined as any packaged-product where the:
longest dimension is 900 mm (36 in) or greater and
both of the package’s other dimensions are each 20 percent or less of that of the longest dimension. NOTE:
If a packaged-product is both Flat and Elongated, the package should be tested as Elongated
Testing can be used to evaluate the protective performance of a packaged-product related to vibrations, shocks and
other stresses normally encountered during handling and transportation in a parcel delivery system.
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
Test levels are based on general data and may not represent any specific distribution system. The package and product are considered together and not separately.
Some conditions of transit, such as moisture, pressure or unusual handling may not be covered. Other ISTA Procedures may be appropriate for different conditions or to meet different objectives. Refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and Projects for additional information. NOTE:
Hazardous material packaging that passes this test procedure may not meet international, national or other regulatory
requirements for the transport of hazardous materials. This test in not a substitute for United Nations and/or any other
required test standards for the transport of hazardous materials, but should be used as an additional test in conjunction with
them.
Test Procedure 3A covers testing of individual packaged-products weighing 70 kilograms (150 pounds) or less when
prepared for shipment via a parcel delivery carrier.
The shipper shall determine the following prior to testing:
what constitutes damage to the product and
what damage tolerance level is allowable, if any, and
the correct methodology to determine product condition at the conclusion of the test and
the acceptable package condition at the conclusion of the test.
For additional information on this determination process refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and
Projects.
Preface
Scope
Product Damage
Tolerance and
Package Degradation
Allowance
3A
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 3 of 25
OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 3A
Samples should be an untested actual package and product, but if one or both are not available, the substitutes shall be as
identical as possible to actual items.
One sample is required for this test procedure.
To permit an adequate determination of representative performance of the packaged-product, ISTA: Requires the procedure to be performed one time, but
Recommends performing the procedure five or more times using new samples with each test.
Refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and Projects for additional information on statistical sampling.
NOTE:
In order to ensure testing in perfect condition, products and packages shipped to an ISTA laboratory for
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
testing shall be:
Adequately over-packaged for shipment or
Repackaged in new packaging at the laboratory.
NOTE:
It is important to thoroughly document the configuration, materials, and construction of the tested product and package.
Significant variations in performance can sometimes be caused by seemingly insignificant differences. Photo
documentation is strongly recommended to supplement detailed written descriptions.
Basis Weights of Corrugated Board
When the outer package is a corrugated box, it is strongly recommended that the basis weights of the papers/paperboards
used to make the box be determined and documented. It has been determined that basis weights are better indicators of
box equivalence than ECT or Burst ratings.
Refer to Guidelines for Selecting and Using ISTA Procedures and Projects for additional information on documentation and
basis weight determination.
Samples
3A
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 4 of 25
OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 3A
The tests shall be performed on each test sample in the sequence indicated in the following tables: 3A - STANDARD Packaged-Product Test
Sequence
Number
Test Category Test Type Test Level For ISTA Certification
1 Atmospheric
Preconditioning
Temperature and
Humidity
Ambient Required
2 Atmospheric
Conditioning
Controlled Temperature
and Humidity
Temperature and Humidity
chosen from chart
Optional
3 Shock Drop
9 Drops - height varies
with packaged-product
weight
Required
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
4 Vibration Random
With and Without Top
Load
Overall Grms levels of 0.53
and 0.46
Required
5 Vibration Random under a
Vacuum
Truck or Truck & Air
dependent
Optional
6 Shock Drop
8 Drops - height varies
with packaged-product
weight. Includes drop on
hazard
Required
3A – SMALL Packaged-Product Test
Sequence
Number
Test Category Test Type Test Level For ISTA Certification
1 Atmospheric
Preconditioning
Temperature and
Humidity
Ambient Required
2 Atmospheric
Conditioning
Controlled Temperature
and Humidity
Temperature and Humidity
chosen from chart
Optional
3 Shock Drop
(not in a bag)
9 Drops - height varies
with packaged-product
weight
Required
4 Vibration Random
With and Without Top
Load
Overall Grms level of 0.53
and 0.46
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
5 Vibration Random under a Vacuum Truck or Truck & Air
dependent
Optional
6 Shock Drop
(in a bag)
7 Drops – height varies
with packaged-product
weight
Required
Test Protocols
3A
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 5 of 25
OVERVIEW OF PROCEDURE 3A
3A – FLAT Packaged-Product Test
Sequence
Number
Test Category Test Type Test Level For ISTA Certification
1 Atmospheric
Preconditioning
Temperature and
Humidity
Ambient Required
2 Atmospheric
Conditioning
Controlled Temperature
and Humidity
Temperature and Humidity
chosen from chart
Optional
3 Shock Drop
9 Drops - height
varies with packagedproduct
weight
Required
4 Vibration Random
With and Without
Top Load
Overall Grms levels of
0.53 and 0.46
Required
5 Vibration Random under a
Vacuum
Truck or Truck & Air
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
Optional
6 Shock Rotational Edge
Drop
200 mm (8 in) Required
7 Shock Full Rotational Flat
Drop
Varies with
packaged-product
dimensions
Required
8 Shock Hazard Impact Hazard Box dropped
400 mm (16 in)
Required
3A – ELONGATED Packaged-Product Test
Sequence
Number
Test Category Test Type Test Level For ISTA Certification
1 Atmospheric
Preconditioning
Temperature and
Humidity
Ambient Required
2 Atmospheric
Conditioning
Controlled Temperature
and Humidity
Temperature and Humidity
chosen from chart
Optional
3 Shock Drop
9 Drops - height
varies with packagedproduct
weight
Required
4 Vibration Random
With and Without
Top Load
Overall Grms levels of
0.53 and 0.46
Required
5 Vibration Random under a
Vacuum
Truck or Truck & Air
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
Optional
6 Shock Rotational Edge
Drop
200 mm (8 in) Required
7 Shock Full Rotational Flat
Drop
Varies with
packaged-product
dimensions
Required
8 Shock Bridge Impact Hazard Box dropped
400 mm (16 in)
Required
Test Sequence
3A
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 6 of 25
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR PROCEDURE 3A
Atmospheric Conditioning:
Humidity recorder complying with of the apparatus section of ISO 2233-00 or ASTM D 4332-00(-01). Temperature recorder complying with the apparatus section of ISO 2233-00 or ASTM D 4332-00(-01). Optional Atmospheric Conditioning
Chamber and Control apparatus complying with the apparatus section of ISO 2233-00 or ASTM D 4332-00(-01).
Shock Tests:
All Protocols Flat and Elongated Flat Elongated
Type of
Shock Test
Drop Test
Rotational Edge Drop
Test
Full Rotational Test
Hazard Impact Test
Bridge Impact Test
Type of
Equipment
Free-fall drop tester
1) Support Block
2)
Hand Drop
with Hazard Box
Free-fall Drop Tester
with Hazard Box
In
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
with the
apparatus
section of…
ISO 2248-85 or
ASTM D 5276-98
ISO 2876-85 or
ASTM D 6179-97
ASTM D 5265-98 with
the exception of the
Hazard Box (Impactor).
See below
Hazard box
300 x 300 x 300 mm (12 x 12 x 12 in) dense
wooden box with a total weight of 4.1 kg (9 lb)
The box shall have least one bottom edge
covered by angle iron.
The box should be filled with a sand bag and void
fill to hold the bag in place.
Hazard block
See below.
Support block
90 to 100 mm
(3.5 to 4.0 in) in height
and width and at least
200 mm (8 in) longer
than the shortest
dimension of face 3.
Support blocks (2)
90 to 100 mm (3.5 to
4.0 in) in height and
width and at least 200
mm (8 in) longer than
the shortest dimension
of face 3.
Additional
Required
Equipment
Hazard block: The block shall be made of hardwood or metal. The height shall be 20 to 25 mm (0.75 to 1.0 in) and the width 150 mm (6.0 in). The length shall be at least 200 mm (8.0 in) longer than the second shortest package dimension of the length, width and height. The long top edges of the block shall be rounded to a radius equal to the height of the block ± 0.02 mm (0.0625 in).
Equipment
Required
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
Equipment
Required
Shock
6 in. (150 mm)
1 in. (25 mm)
150 mm (6.0 in)
20-25 mm (0.75–1.0 in)
3A
ISTA 3A 2006 - Page 7 of 25
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR PROCEDURE 3A
Random Vibration Test:
Random Vibration Test System complying with the apparatus section of ISO 13355-01 or ASTM D 4728-95(-01).
A form of column stack fixturing
Top-Load Apparatus
Plastic bags
Sand or other dense, flowable material
Optional Random Vibration under Vacuum:
Vacuum Chamber: complying with the apparatus section of ISO 2873-00 or ASTM D6653-01; able to fit on the
vibration table; able to draw down the internal absolute pressure to 60 kPa (8.7 psi) for the truck and air test, or 70 kPa
(10 psi) for the truck-only test; and able to withstand the air and/or truck random vibration input. 3A - SMALL
Two (2) United States Postal Service #1 Mailbags or equivalent [canvas or like material, approximately 1.0 x 0.7 m (39
x 27 in)] are used throughout the testing sequence.
One bag is filled with 36 kg (80 lb) of sand suitably packaged in smaller bags.
One bag is the Sample Bag to be filled with the Test Specimen and dunnage packages, to simulate a typical pack.
Three (3) over-night style envelopes, 1-#5 padded mailer and 1-#6 fiberboard mailer.
Fiberboard containers as described in the table below are to be constructed of C-flute board with any of the following
minimum values and construction:
Burst Test: 1380 kPa or 14 kg/cm2 or 200 lb/in2 or
ECT Value: 7.0 kN/m width or 40 lb/in width.
RSC style boxes shall be used for any dunnage package 125 mm (5 in) or more in height and
Book-wrap or telescoping tray style may be used for any dunnage package less than 125 mm (5 in) in height.
Fill each envelope, mailer and corrugated container as indicated in the table below. Corrugated boxes and book wraps
are filled until the desired weight is achieved.
It is allowable to substitute dunnage packages with Test Specimen packages or envelopes. The dunnage
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
package that most closely represents the Test Specimen shall be substituted. The following describes the numbers and sizes of each dunnage package: Approximate Size
L x W x H
Approximate
Quantity Package Type Weight
Millimeters
(mm)
Inches
(in)
Contents
Kilograms
(kg)
Pounds
(lb)
3 Over-night envelope 25-sheets of paper
1 #5 Padded mailer 50-sheets of paper
1 #6 Fiberboard mailer 50-sheets of paper
1 200 x 125 x 50 8 x 5 x 2 0.5 1.0
1 225 x 150 x 50 9 x 6 x 2 0.5 1.0
1 275 x 275 x 100 11 x 11 x 4 1.0 2.0
1 275 x 200 x 100 11 x 8 x 4 1.0 2.0
1 175 x 150 x 100 7 x 6 x 4 1.8 4.0
1
Fiberboard box or
Book-wrap or
Telescoping tray
300 x 300 x 75 12 x 12 x 3 1.8 4.0
1 200 x 200 x 200 8 x 8 x 8 4.5 10.0
1 150 x 150 x 150 6 x 6 x 6 1.0 2.0
1
Fiberboard box
250 x 125 x 125 10 x 5 x 5
Each corrugated
package type and
size shall be filled
with foam, paper,
sand, etc until the
desired weight
indicated in this
table is achieved.
1.0 2.0
Equipment
Required
ISTA-3A包装测试标准.doc
Vibration Equipment Required Additional 3A
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