中考英语语法考点总结 - 复合句（宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句）

四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型 中考英语语法总结——复合句 知识清单 （宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句） 宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义 在句中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句，宾语从句常放在及物动词或者介词后面作宾语。 二、宾语从句的引导词 1、that that用来陈述一个事实，本身没有意义，只起到连接主从句的作用，通常可以省略。 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 2、whether/if whether/if表示“是否”，讲述一个悬而未决的事情，不充当句子成分，而且不能省略，两者通常可以互换。 He asked me whether/if Miss Gao was a teacher. 3、连接代词和连接副词 连接代词（what, which, who, whose, whom）引导宾语从句时，在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语；连接副词（when, where, why, how）引导宾语从句时，在宾语从句中充当状语。 I don’t know what they are going to do. He asked me whose book this was. Could you tell me where you live? Do you know how they found the place? 三、宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，尤其是连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。 Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is? 第 1 页 共 9 页 四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型 Can you tell me how I can go to the museum? 四、宾语从句的时态 1、如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态根据实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. 2、如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked me if I had taken his soap. 3、如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或者真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。 He told me that the earth goes round the sun. He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him. 五、宾语从句的简化 1、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时，宾语从句可以简化为不定式结构。 I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail. 2、当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She doesn’t know what she should do next. =She doesn’t know what to do next. 六、宾语从句中的否定转移 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don't think he will come with you. 第 2 页 共 9 页 四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型 状语从句 一、状语从句的定义及分类 状语从句在复合句中修饰主句或者主句中的动词。状语从句由从属连词引导，与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号与主句分开，位于句末时，前面一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可以分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句等。 二、时间状语从句 1. when的用法 ① when意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或者先后发生。 I feel very happy when you come to see me. When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. ② when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词或者非延续性动词。 I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 2. while的用法 while引导的时间状语从句，常常翻译为“与……同时、在……期间”，while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 They rushed in while we were discussing problems. My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 3. as的用法 as引导时间状语从句时可以表示“正当、一边……一边……、随着”等意思。 Helen heard the story as she washed clothes. We get wiser as we get older. 4. before/after的用法 before表示“在……之前”，after表示“在……之后”。 I will always work hard before I enter Peking University. She showed me many beautiful stamps after I got to her home. 5. until/till的用法 第 3 页 共 9 页 四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型 until和till都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till不用于句首。 ① 主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或者状态一直持续到until/till引导的从句的动作发生为止。 I’ll wait for you until you come to see me. ② 主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句用否定形式，表示主句的动作直到until引导的从句的动作发生才发生，构成not...until结构，表示“直到……才……”。 I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 6. since的用法 since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自……以来”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University. 7. as soon as的用法 as soon as引导的时间状语从句，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，意为“一……就……”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。 As soon as he arrives, I’ll tell him. 三、条件状语从句 主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。 1. if的用法 if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果、假如”。 I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 2. unless的用法 unless引导条件状语，表示“除非、如果不”，相当于if not。 We’ll go for an outing tomorrow unless it rains. 四、原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常用because, since或as引导，这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱。 1. because的用法 because表示因果关系时，语气最强，用来回答why的提问，所表示的原因往往是听话人所不知道或者感兴趣的。 I’m leaving because I am fed up with the boss. 第 4 页 共 9 页 四位一体——知识清单+难点突破+解题秘诀+易错题型 My friends admire me because I am handsome and successful. 2. since的用法 表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，因此常常翻译为“既然……”，通常放在句首。 Since Monday is Bob’s birthday, let’s give him a party. Since everyone is here, let’s get started. 3. as的用法 as与since差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为说话人所熟悉。 She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep. 五、目的状语从句 目的状语从句通常由so that，in order that等引导，谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。 He must get up early so that he can go to work on time. 六、结果状语从句 1. 由so...that, such...that引导 so...that与such...that引导结果状语从句时，在结构上有所不同： so+形容词/副词+that such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that such+形容词+复数名词+that such+形容词+不可数名词+that so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that 注意：当名词前面有many, much, little, few修饰时，用so而不用such。 She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much. =She is so lovely a girl that we lover her very much. We have so much time that we can finish the work very well. 2. 结果状语从句与不定式结构的相互转换 so...that句型的否定形式可与too...to...或者not...enough to相互转换。 He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school. 第 5 页 共 9 页

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