语法（一）动词时态语态（学生版）

语法（一）—动词时态语态

语法考点分析：

从句会占到7-9分，非谓语动词6-8分，这两块基本是15分；虚拟语气2-3分；时态与语态（主要是完成时）会有1分或情态动词的完成体1分，主谓一致1分。

从句中，重要考点是定语从句，定语从句会占到从句中3-4分，其中which引导的非限制性定语从句、只能用that引导定语从句必考；然后是名词性从句，其中主语从句中whether与 if 的区别、whoever的用法、that与what、whatever的区别是主要考点；还有that引导的同位语从句；状语从句中主要是as引导的让步状语从句、as(so) long as\%unless\\in case\\since的含义及用法、 no sooner…than…\\ hardly…when…\\ not…until…\\ however的用法、比较级中的倍数问题等是必考的。

非谓语动词中现在分词与过去分词作状语、定语与表语的区别是必考的重点。

There is no good/use/point/sense doing…, It is no good /use doing…句型、admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, mind, recall, resent, resist,, risk, suggest等动词后跟动名词、分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别

虚拟语气，if引导一般虚拟条件句中对过去的假设、用should表虚拟、常用的虚拟语气句型：would rather, had rather, would as soon、It is (high/ about ) time（是……时候了）、动词wish后的虚拟语气、but for, lest, if only后的虚拟语气是重要考点。

主谓一致考点解析：就远法 当主语与with, along with, accompanied by, in addition to, together with, including, as well as, like, besides, rather than。就近法 not only…but also…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, nor、物主代词或不定代词作主语none, all, half, some, most, any, the rest, 百分数、分数作主语、（the） one of +复数名词 + who/ that / which引导的定语从句的谓语。

情态动词的完成体是情态动词的考点。

动词时态与语态考试重点：过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成时、现在完成进行的用法。

一、动词时态

动词时态与语态

考试重点：过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时的用法；when, until, as soon as, before, unless, if, once, in case等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来时；come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等动词用一般现在时表将来时；反义疑问句。

英语中的动词分谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。例如：I sit here, talking to you. 谓语动词sit在句中充当谓语，非谓语动词talking在句中做伴随状语，不能作谓语。谓语动词的重点是时态和语态。 谓语动词主要时态有：

过去时：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时

现在时：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时 将来时：一般将来时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时 以动词 do 为例，将16种时态列表如下: 一般时 现在 do /does 进行时 am/is/are doing 完成时 have/has done 完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 will do will be doing will have done will have been doing 过 去 将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing

（一）过去时

一般过去时(-ed)：指过去发生的动作或情况，常与at that time, two years ago, just now, last month, once, the other day等时间状语连用；在时间和条件状语从句中代

替过去将来时。请看下面的练习：

1. Tom_____a letter to his parents last night.

A. writes B. wrote C. write D. has written 2. “Why isn’t the painting done yet?” “John_____his share of work yesterday.”

A. doesn’t B. didn’t do C. doesn’t do D. didn’t

3. Last week John____his leg.

A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken 4. When_____?

A. had your team first beaten B. had your team first been beaten C. was your team first beaten D. was your team to be first beaten 5. When I was young, I_____to school every day.

A. walked B. was walking C. had walked D. had been walking Keys: 1—5 BBBCA

used to do…与 be/get used to doing…的区别

used to do表过去常常做…… be/get used to doing现在习惯于……。 例如：1. “Are you a film star?” “_____.”

A. Yes, I am not B. Yes, I was C. I used to be D. I used to 2. You’ll soon get used to_____a large breakfast in England. A. eat B. eating C. eaten D. ate 3. I_____a taxi to school when it was raining. A. am used to take B. use to take C. used to take D. am used to taking

When I was a child, I used ____ to the river and bathe in the evening.(2014) A.to going B.to go C.go D.going

过去进行时(was/were doing)：指在过去某个时刻或过去某个动作正在进行的动作。

例如：1. It______when they left the station.

A. has rained B. is raining C. rains D. was raining

2. It was raining when Mary____the bus.

A. waited B. expected C. was expecting D. was waiting for 过去完成时(had done)：在过去某个时刻或某个动作之前已经发生了的动作或状态，常与after, before, when等引导的状语从句连用。

1. The movie was wonderful. ____anything more exciting in my life. A. I never did see B. I had never seen C. I would never see D. Never saw I

2. I came so early for lunch today because I thought the bell____. A. already rang B. has already rung C. already had rung D. had already rung 3. By the time we got home, I_____all about it.

A. had forgot B. forgot C. had forgotten D. should have forgotten 4. “Did you get the tickets?”

“No. I_____to buy them during lunch, but I didn’t have time?”

A. am planning B. have planned C. had been planning D. am going to plan

5. Last Monday he promised that he_____today, but he hasn’t arrived yet.

A. will come B. would have come C. is coming D. would come Keys: 1—5BDCCD （二）现在时

在专升本考试中重点测试一般现在时和现在完成时。 一般现在时(-s;-es)：

come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等动词用一般现在时表将来时，表示按时间表或计划进行。

例如：School finishes in mid-June. 学校七月中旬放假。 Your train leaves at 5:30P.M. 你的火车是下午5:30离开。

when, until, as soon as, before, unless, if, once, in case

引导的时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来时。

例如：Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you leave. I will go there unless it____tomorrow.（答案A）

A. rains B. will rain C. does not rain D. will not rain 现在完成时(has/have done)：

1. 在for…, since, so far, up to now, never, in the past/last few years, in these years等引导的时间状语中。

2. 在It is the first /second time … that…句型中。例如：

It is the third time I have visited the city. 这是我第三次访问这个城市。

3. 在This is + 形容词最高级+that…句型中。例如：

This is the best movie that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 请看下面的练习：

1. I can’t find my dictionary. I wonder Mary____it now. A. have B. has C. is having D. had 2. My wife______.

A. has always criticized me B. is always criticized me C. always criticize me D. is always criticizing me 3. He____when I go to see him.

A. will always work B. has always been working C. has always worked D. is always working 4. “Do you still have your job at the bank?” “Oh, no. ____there for the past two years.”

A. I don’t work B. I haven’t worked C. I’m not working D. I didn’t work

5. Our team_____every match so far this year, but we still have three more games to play.

A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins 6. My brother____the Youth League for two years.

A. has been in B. has entered C. has joined D. has taken part in 7. Is this the first time you_____Beijing?

A. have visited B. would visit C. visited D. have been visiting 8. He_____on this essay, but he has written only a hundred words. A. will be working B. worked

C. has been working D. will have worked

9. Since the family moved here last year, they_____better health. A. were enjoying B. had enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. have been enjoying 10. I_____television this last hour.

A. have watching B. have been watching C. watching D. not have been watching Keys: 1—5 CDDBB 6—10 BACDB （三）将来时

一般将来时主要表示将要发生的动作或情况；过去将来时主要表示从过去看将要发生的动作或情况，多用于间接引语或宾语从句中；将来进行时表示在将来某个时间正在发生的动作或情况。

将来完成时“will +have +done ”构成。 基本用法：表示在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。

By the end of next year, I will have taught English for fourteen years. by +将来时间的状语; 或when,before等引导的从句通过上下文判断. Hurry up!Or the train will have left before we get to the station. 请看下面的练习：

1. I_____you the book as soon as possible, I promise you.

A. would send B. sent C. shall be sending D. will send 2. She will go home for a vacation as soon as she____her exam. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. will finish

3. I’ll wait until the mail____.

A. came B. is coming C. comes D. will come

4. When he_____all the newspapers, he’ll go home.

A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. be sold

5. I_____everything by the time you get back next week. A. shall finish B. have finished C. will be finishing D. shall have finished 6. On his next birthday he____married for ten years.

A. has been B. will be C. will have been D. would have been 7. I have been studying here for four years, by next summer I____. A. shall graduate B. shall be graduated C. shall be graduating D. shall have graduated

8. James had just arrived, but I didn’t know he____until yesterday. A. will come B. was coming C. has been coming D. comes 9. If the phone rings again, I_____it.

A. ignore B. will ignore C. will have ignored D. would have ignored 10. He asked me if I_____to Shanghai the next day. A. will go B. should go C. went D. have gone Keys: 1—5 DBCBD 6—10 CDBBB （四）动词时态训练

1. By the time he was twelve, Edison____to make a living by himself. A. would begin B. has began C. had begun D. was begun 2. I’ll go with you as soon as I____my work.

A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. finished

3. This is a photo of the power station that____in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 4. Great changes____in the city, and a lot of factories_____. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. have taken place; were set up

5. He____his leg when he____in a football match against another school. A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing

C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played 6. By the end of the year all but two people____. A. will have stayed B. will leave C. will be leaving D. will have left

7. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests____when he____at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived

8. —Have you moved into the new house?—Not yet. The rooms____. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting

9. The students____busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office.

A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left

10. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he____office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left

11. The pen I____I____is on my desk, right under my nose.

A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost 12. —Do you like the material? —Yes, it____very soft.

A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 13. —I hear that you____a new house.

—Yes, but I____in it now.

A. have bought; won’t live B. have bought; am not living C. will buy; have lived D. will have bought; am not living

14. It was not until then that I came to know knowledge_____only from practice. A. had come B. came C. would come D. comes

15. According to the time table, the train for Beijing ____at seven o’clock in the evening.

A. leaves B. has left C. was left D. will leave

16. Our team____every match so far this year, but we still have three more games to play.

A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins

17. He____home for nearly three weeks.

A. has gone away B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from 18. It’s the third time you ___ late this week.

A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive

19. He is too careless and he____keys.

A. always lost B. always loses C. is always losing D. will always lose 20. He____out when somebody called at his office.

A. has just gone B. had just gone C. just went D. just now went Keys: 1—5 CCBBC 6—10 DDADB

11—15 BCBDA 16—20 BCCCB

二、动词语态

英语动词语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。 主动语态表主语是谓语动词的执行者, 例如：

She takes care of the child.

被动语态表主语是谓语动词的承受者，例如：

The child is taken care of by her.

1. hear, see, watch, make, help, let等动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改成被动句，则需把省略的to加上。1) I heard him sing last night.

He was heard to sing last night. 2) We saw him walk into the building. He was seen to walk into the building. 3) The boss made them work 10 hours a day. They were made to work 10 hours a day. 4) They watch the children sing that morning. The children were watched to sing that morning.

2. read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, … The pen writes well. 这钢笔很好写。 These shoes wear well.这鞋子很好穿。

This kind of cloth washes very well.这种布料很耐洗。 The car drives well. 这车很好开。

The books ____ well．

A. were sold B. Sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth ____ easily．

A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed

3. 某些感官动词look, smell, taste, sound，feel, prove, appear也含有被动意义。

The flowers smell very sweet. The fish tastes good. The idea sounds good.

4. need, be worth,require用-ing形式作宾语，表示被动含义.如 The radio needs repairing/to be repaired.

The Great Wall is worth seeing.

5. appear, arrive, belong to, break out, die, fall, happen, last, remain, take place, occur这些动词没有被动语态。

被动语态结构:

1.一般现在时被动: am/is/are done 2.一般过去时被动: was/were done 3.一般将来时被动:shall/will be done 4. 过去将来时被动:would be done 5.现在进行时:am/is/are being done 6.过去进行时被动:was/were being done 7.将来进行时被动：will/would being done 8.现在完成时被动:have/has been done 9.过去完成时被动:had been done

10将来完成时被动：will/would have been done

动词语态训练

1. In some parts of the world. Tea___with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. severs D. served

2. ____the sports meet might be put off. ----Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told

3. If city noises____from increasing, people_____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years later from now.

A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. is not kept; will have to D. do not keep; have to

4. When and where to build the new factory____yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 5. More milu deer____to a new large nature park. A. are being moved B. are moving C. are moved D. are being moving

6. The water will be further polluted unless some measures____. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken

7. Bill____a job in a factory, but he refused to take it

A. was offered B. offered C. was offering D. had offered 8. In 1980, it was the tallest building that____. A. was ever built B. has ever built C. has ever been built D. had ever been built 9. The mixture_____.

A. was tasted terrible B. tasted terrible C. tasted terribly D. had ever terribly 10. They insisted that these books___at once.

A. should take away B. would be taken away C. be taken away D. take away 11. The work____by the time you get here.

A. will have been done B. is done

C. had been done D. would have done 12. This medicine____before dinner.

A. should have taken B. ought to take C. should take D. should be taken

13. Before liberation, my father was made____from morning till night. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked

14. The Iraq-America war____in 2004.

A. broke out B. was broken out C. had broken out D. was happened 15. When water is heated, it____into vapor.

A. would be changed B. will change C. is changed D. would change

16. I’ll write down your name and address in case you____as a helper.

A. are needed B. will be needed C. need D. be needed 17. If one____by pride, he will reject useful advice.

A. overcomes B. is overcome C. has been overcomed D. overcame 18. Much of the city____by fire in the 17th century.

A. is destroyed B. was destroyed C. had been destroyed D. would be destroyed

19. He was told that after he____, he_____by a famous firm.

A. graduated, would be employed B. was graduated, would be employed C. graduated, would employ D. had graduated, would be employed

20. I heard a sudden crash so I rushed out to see whether anybody____. I found that part of our fence___ down by a car.

A. is injured; is knocked B. will be injured; will be knocked C. would be injured; was knocked D. was injured; was knocked Keys: 1—5 BAAAA 6—10 BADBC

11—15 ADAAB 16—20 ABBAD 公外真题解析

1. By the time you get to the Greenwich you ___ the most historic part of London. (2002-23)

A. Will be seeing B. will see C. are going to see D. will have seen 2. She___English since she was a child. (2003-3)

A. learning B. had learned C. is learning D. has been learning 3. When it ___ school work, the professor will treat his students equally. (2003-17) A. comes to evaluate B. comes to evaluating C. will come to evaluate D. will come to evaluating 4. Tom got very angry when he realized he __. (2004-18) A. was being made fun of B. is made fun of C. had made fun of D. has been made fun of 5. In case he ___, please tell me. (2004-26)

A. has come B. will come C. comes D. would come

6. A new analysis indicates that the output of cotton ___ by 20% by now. (2005-1) A. will have gone up B would go up C. will go up D. has gone up 7. No sooner had I __ than the play began. (2005-6)

A. been sat B. seated C. sat D. been seated 8. His wife as well as he___ invited to the business party. (2005-9) A. has been B. have been C. has D. are 9. \doesn’t she?\ - Yes. She___ in 1980. \

A. married B. had married C. was married D. got married

10. Some of the apples were rotten before reaching the market and __ away. (2006-15)

A. could be thrown B. had to be thrown C. could throw D. had to throw 11. By the time you arrive in London, we___in Europe for two weeks.(2006-41) A. shall stay B. will have stayed C. have stayed D. have been staying

12. The children are required not to leave the building unless___to do so. (2006-46) A. being told B. they will be told C. be told D. told

13. He bought a new mobile phone last Sunday, because his old one __. (2006-50) A. had stolen B. had been stolen C. was stolen D. stolen 14. Every means__ but without much result. (2007-36)

A. have been tried B. has been tried C. have tried D. has tried 15. John and I _____friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we___each other a couple of times before that. (2008-1) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 16. You never told us his phone number, ? A. hadn’t you B. didn’t you C. had you D. did you

17. Orlando, a city in Florida,____ for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom. (2010-26) A. which is well known B. being well known C. well known D. is well known 18. All the tasks ___ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week. (2011-17)

A. had been fulfilled B. were fulfilled C. having been fulfilled D. been fulfilled 19. By the end of this term, we __ the textbook. (2011-20)

A. finish B. have finished C. will finish D. will have finished 20. Until then, his family ___from him for six months. (2012-27) A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard

21. --- Do you like the material? ---Yes, it _____ every soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 22. We _____ building the bridge by the end of next month. (2013)

A. are finishing B. would finish C. have finished D. will have finished 23. Half of his goods _____ stolen the other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was 24. If it _____ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.

A. isn’t B. weren’t C. wasn’t D. hadn’t been

25. David sent his girlfriend a ring ____ by his grandmother for all her life. A. have kept B. kept C. has kept D. has been kept

26. When I was a child, I used ____ to the river and bathe in the evening.(2014) A.to going B.to go C.go D.going

1-5DDBAC 6-10DDADB 11-15BDABD 16-20DDCDA 21-26CDBBBB 专业英语：

1. The teacher, together with the students, ____ to go to the park this weekend. A. are decided B. have decided C. has decided D. were decided 2. He has neither read the book nor ____ the film. A. seen B. has seen C. saw D. see

3. When she graduates from the college this summer, she ____ here for four years. A. will study B. will be studying C. will have studied D. studies 4. She told me her name only after I ____ twice.

A. ask B. asked C. had asked D. have asked 5. Many a man ____ life is meaningless without purpose. A. think B. has thought C. thinks D. thought

6. Often the design of a scholarly investigation ____ by the question it is addressing. A. to affect B. affects C. affected D. will be affected 7. The sad car accident ____ on the highway this morning.

A. appeared B. was happened C. occurred D. emerged

8. Tom isn’t a diligent student, for it is the third time he has been late, _____?(2008) A. wasn’t it B. hasn’t C. isn’t it D. hasn’t he 9. What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A. do you suppose B. you suppose C. will you suppose D. you would suppose 10. He is said _____ an excellent opera singer in his youth. A. to be B. being C. to have been D. to having been 11. Do you have any clothes _____ today? The maid said.(2010) A. washing B. to wash C. washed D. to be washed

12. The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.

A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 13. The construction of the railway is said to _____. (2011) A. resumed B. have been terminated C. suspended D. re-scheduled 14. _____ that the earth was flat?

A. Used it to be thought B. Used to it be thought C. Does it used to be thought D. Did it used to be thought 15. This year will be difficult for this organization because it _____. A. had less money and fewer workers than it did last year. B. has both less money and fewer volunteers than those of last year. C. has less money and fewer volunteers than those of last year. D. has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year 16. I don’t think he cares, _____?

A. does he B. doesn’t he C. do you D. don’t you 17. This English novel _____ more easily than that one. A. reads B. to be read C. is read D. will be read

18. He was thoroughly ashamed _____ so much money on such an ugly picture.(2013)

A. for spending B. with spending C. to be spent D. of having spent

19. I never dreamed I _____ here discussing states affairs with the other deputies. A. would be sitting B. would had been sitting C. will have been sitting D. will be sitting 20. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _____? A. are they B. are all these dictionaries C. aren’t they D. aren’t all these dictionaries

21.___ Would you please give him the key as soon as he___?

___ no problem. (2014)

A.arrives B.appearing C.came D.reaches

22. Tom has been most helpful to us; in fact I don’t know what we ____ without him. A.have done B.will have done C.had done D.would have done 23. The competition from experienced staff members, some of whom are higher in rank, ____ to my disadvantage.

A.works B.working C.work D.worked

24. The rapid development China has achieved in the last decade ____ that the future is likely to be very exciting.

A.make it clear B.it has made clear C.it makes clear D.has made it clear Keys: 1-5CACCC 6-10DCCAC 11-15 BDBAD 16-20AADAC 21-24ADAD

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