2018年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第九讲特殊句式与主谓一致

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第九讲 特殊句式与主谓一致

考点1 强调句

1.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.

(2017·天津,11)

A.who C.which 答案 D

解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断,“When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应用that。

2.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.

(2016·天津,13)

A.who C.where 答案 D

解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应填that。

3.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆,9) A.while C.that 答案 C

解析 考查强调句。句意为:巴赫于1750年去世,但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分,本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century,故选C。

4.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was

B.though D.after B.which D.that B.where D.that

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to have helped someone in trouble.(2015·湖南,21) A.which C.where 答案 B

解析 考查强调句。句意为:正是在我们快要回到家的时候,我才意识到帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙!强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。如果强调人,that还可以改为who,但是强调时间或者地点时只能使用that。

5.Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?(2014·四川,3)

A.why B.who C.where D.that 答案 D

解析 考查强调句的一般疑问句。所强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school,故选that。句意为:是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的? 考点归纳

强调句型中的6个考查重点: 1.强调句型的疑问句

在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”改为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?”或“疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他成分?”结构。 Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy? 是不是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴? When was it that she changed her mind? 她什么时候改变主意的?

2.在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移至until之前,构成It is/was not until...that...结构。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。

I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. =It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

直到她摘下她的深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。

3.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。

He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. 他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。

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B.that D.how

4.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。

在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构。

It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him this morning. 正是在他住的那间旅馆我今天早晨遇到的他。 5.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。

当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/was”和“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”,原句则不完整。 It was at 14:28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型) 是在14点28分强烈的地震爆发了。

It was 14:28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句) 当强烈的地震爆发时是14点28分。 6.强调句型中的反意疑问句式。

在强调句型中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。 It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,isn’t it? 是Mary而不是你想问我那件事,是吗? 考点2 倒装句

1.Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.

(2016·江苏,34)

A.they had encouraged C.did they encourage 答案 C

解析 考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据时间状语recently可知本句应用一般过去时。“Not until+状语”位于句首,句子采用部分倒装语序,因此选C。

2.Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.

(2015·天津,3)

A.she realized C.she has realized 答案 D

解析 考查倒装及动词的时态。句意为:直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句

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B.had they encouraged D.they encouraged

B.has she realized D.did she realize

when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。

3.________ no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014·福建,32) A.Were there C.If there are 答案 A

解析 考查if虚拟条件句中的倒装。根据主句中would have to以及句意可知,本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用一般过去时。当虚拟条件句中有had,should,were时,可以将if去掉,然后把had,should,were提到主语前面。 考点归纳

1.部分倒装结构的高考热点: (1)否定词位于句首的倒装。

表示否定的副词never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组by no means(决不),at no time(在任何时候都不),not until,not only,no sooner。

Never have I seen such a good performance. 我从来都没见过这么好的表演。

Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist,but he also was a fairly good violinist.

爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家,而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。 (2)“only+状语(从句)”置于句首的倒装。

“only+状语(从句)”置于句首时句子要用部分倒装。(强调主语、宾语,句子不倒装) Only then did I know the truth. 直到那时我才知道真相。

Only in this way can you work out this question. 只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。

Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school. 只有他母亲回来后,他才能够去上学。 (3)so,neither,nor引导的倒装。

用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。

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B.Had there been D.If there have been

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