句子成分讲解

句子成分讲解

定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语

次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语

I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .

主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语

句子成分 主语 意义 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 充当成分 名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子 例句 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. 动词或动词词She is dancing 组 under the tree. 同主语 Both of us like English. 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 形，代，数，名, We have eight 副，介词短语或lessons every 句子 day. 副词，介词短语He works very 或句 hard. 子 They held a party in Hollywood.

谓语 宾语 表语 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 状语

㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物

Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）

The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 找出下列句中的主语：

1、The sun rises in the east.

2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing. 7、What he needs is a book.

8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China.

2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语

动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词）

How many do you want? - I want two. （数词） They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子） （四）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. That remains a puzzle. I don’t feel at ease. 找出下列句中的表语。 1. I am a teacher.

2. They are on the playground. 3. My job is teaching English. 4. It gets cold. 5. It sounds interesting.

常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。 (五）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy.（形容词）

His father works in a steel work.（名词） There are 54 students in our class.（数词） Do you known betty’s sister?（名词所有格） He bought some sleeping pills.（动名词） There is a sleeping baby in bed.（现在分词） His spoken language is good.（过去分词） 定语后置：

如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句

子表示时，通常则后置 The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? 找出下列句子的定语。 1. The black bike is mine. 2. She is a chemistry teacher. 3. The man in blue is my brother.

4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. 5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher. （六）状语

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. 找出下列句中的状语 1. We often help him. 2. I really don’t like the food.

3. He did his homework carefully at home.

4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.

随堂练习：分析下列句子结构：

1）You are a student. 2）He felt happy today.

3）What you said made me happy.

4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 5）After he finished his homework, he went away. 6）He likes pop music. 7）The sound sounds strange. 8）The food tastes good.

9）He gave me a book yesterday.

10）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.

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