SAP屠夫SAP作品汇总（精华版） - 图文

SAP屠夫作品汇总

Table of Contents

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 2 General Settings .............................................................................................................................. 16

检查度量单位(Check Units of Measurement) ................................................................. 16 Financial Accounting ...................................................................................................................... 19

Financial Accounting Global Settings ..................................................................................... 19

例1功能范围的应用. ............................................................................................ 19 例2业务范围(Business Area) ........................................................................... 19 年度变式(Fiscal Year) ....................................................................................... 19 会计凭证(Document) 如何限制不同财务用户使用不同的财务凭证类型 ....... 22

Field status和Coding block subscreen ............................................... 30

Validation凭证的确认 ........................................................................................................... 35 Substitution凭证的退代 ........................................................................................................ 40 3 几个相关函数FI_VALIDATION_DOC|FI_VALIDATION_HEADER .................................... 45

货币类型和外币评估 ............................................................................................................. 50 ERP货币类型和外币业务 ...................................................................................................... 56

（一）ERP货币设置 ...................................................................................................... 57 （二）汇率类型和汇率换算表（Tcode：OB07|OB08） ............................................. 59 （三）平行货币 ............................................................................................................. 62 汇率与外币评估 ..................................................................................................................... 63 财务分类帐 ............................................................................................................................. 92 Tax on Purchase & Sales ....................................................................................................... 100

大话MM定价增值税处理 .......................................................................................... 100 SAP 税务配置. ............................................................................................................ 108 SD篇 tax ..................................................................................................................... 112 SD一周通系列 ............................................................................................................. 114 SD定价实例 ................................................................................................................ 118 收入科目确定. .............................................................................................................. 119 税务设置 ............................................................................................................................... 119 特别总帐 (Special Purpose Ledger) ............................................................................. 128

1基本设置(Basic Settings) .................................................................................... 129

(1)Perform Preparation ................................................................................... 129 (2) Maintain Coding Block ............................................................................. 130 (3) Tables ........................................................................................................... 133 (4) Maintain Table Directory ....................................................................... 138 (5) Maintain Fixed Field Movements ........................................................... 139 (6) Master Data ................................................................................................. 139 (7) Production Start-Up Preparation ......................................................... 145 (8) Validation ................................................................................................... 146 (9) Substitution ............................................................................................... 146 (10) User Exits ................................................................................................. 146

2计划(Planning) ........................................................................................................ 146 3实际过帐(Actual Posting) .................................................................................... 146 4期间处理(Periodic Processing) .......................................................................... 146 5信息系统(Information System) ............................................................................ 146 6工具(Tools) .............................................................................................................. 146 例1 使用SPL出中方会计报表 .................................................................................. 146 例2 维护coding block screen ............................................................................... 148 EC-CS Consolidation ............................................................................................................ 148

合并会计处理方法 ....................................................................................................... 148

第14夜:合并数据建模 ........................................................................................ 149

一.建立合并源数据基础信息立方体(Tcode:RSA1). .................................. 149 二.建立合并数据基础信息立方体(Tcode:RSA1) ....................................... 150 三.BCS建模(Tcode:UCWB,UCWB01,UCMP0) ......................................... 151

(1).建立合并数据基础 ....................................................................... 151 (2).设置合并范围 ............................................................................... 155 (3).设置合并参数(Tcode:UCMP0) ..................................................... 157 (4).设置合并源数据基础 ................................................................... 157 (5).合并会计科目表和合并频率设置 ............................................... 158 (6).BCS60数据增强的功能 ................................................................ 158

例1 使用混合合并单元 ...................................................................................... 159 例2 BCS和ECCS等合并系统简单对比 .......................................................... 160 第五节 子分配和细分类别 ......................................................................................... 161 SAP会计科目自动分配配置大全 ........................................................................................ 167

1 Maintain Accounting Configuration(概览) ..................................................... 167 2 Automatic Posting Configuration (MM Module) ............................................. 168 例1:如何使用Valuation group code ..................................................................... 177 例2 PO condition和OBYC ........................................................................................ 179 例3使用PO处理委外加工 ......................................................................................... 179 例4 Account assignment的逻辑分析 ..................................................................... 179 例5采购运费处理 ....................................................................................................... 179 例6:P&L科目和成本要素的建立 ............................................................................... 180 例7采购科目分配设置 ............................................................................................... 180 例8汇率变更影响发票校验. ..................................................................................... 180 例9月结GR/IR处理 ................................................................................................... 180 戏说一下SAP的清帐 ......................................................................................................... 180

Vendor的AP和Customer的AR能被对清,需要在Vendor和customer主数据设置一下, .................................................................................................................................. 186

如图7-[2],在vendor的control页的Account control的Customer填上Customer name 80005803. .................................................................................................... 186 如图8-[2],在payment transaction accountings页选上Clng with Cust.标志 ..... 186

Asset Accounting .................................................................................................................. 194

折旧方法和折旧码 ....................................................................................................... 194 使用Substitution退还固定资产折旧某资产折旧的费用科目和折旧金额 ......... 201 FB08如何reverse多余的折旧凭证. .......................................................................... 214

应收应付(Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable)配置 ................................... 222 Report painter外资公司如何出中方式报表. ................................................................... 230 FICO统驭和中间清算 ........................................................................................................ 241 Field status and Coding block subscreen 字段状态组实例 ................................... 246 特别总帐标识 ....................................................................................................................... 251

预付款处理 ................................................................................................................... 254

目的 ....................................................................................................................... 254 流程 ....................................................................................................................... 254 预付款结帐 ........................................................................................................... 254

发票冻结(Invoice Block) ..................................................................................................... 255 Dunning AR催款配置 .......................................................................................................... 258 浅谈表结法和帐结法 ........................................................................................................... 265

1.结转收入 .................................................................................................................... 266 2. 结转费用. ................................................................................................................. 266 营业管理财务各期间费用 ........................................................................................... 266

所得税费用等等 ........................................................................................... 266

Company和Company Code的区别................................................................................. 268 Investment Management ............................................................................................................... 269

投资管理 ............................................................................................................................... 269 投资计量 ............................................................................................................................... 272 投资订单预算 ....................................................................................................................... 274 Treasury ........................................................................................................................................ 277

现金管理和预算控制 ........................................................................................................... 277

第一节 现金管理配置 ....................................................................................... 278 第二节 现金管理业务操作 ............................................................................... 286 现金管理一日通 ................................................................................................................... 291 CO - Controlling ........................................................................................................................... 302

Internal Order 内部订单 ................................................................................................. 302

第一节 订单主数据 ..................................................................................................... 304 第二节 订单审批 ......................................................................................................... 307 第三节 订单计划 ......................................................................................................... 313 第四节 内部订单预算 ................................................................................................. 313 第五节 结算规则自动生成 ......................................................................................... 316 内部订单(Internal Orders) 审批流程配置 ................................................................... 318

1 订单主数据 ............................................................................................................... 319

[1]激活订单管理(Tcode:OKKP) ......................................................................... 319 [2]定义订单类型(Tcode: KOT2|KOT2-OPA|KOT2_FUNCAREA) ......................... 320 [3]维护订单编号范围(Tcode:KONK) ................................................................. 322 [4]定义状态主文件(Tcode:OK02|BS02) ........................................................... 322 [5]定义受权码(Tcode:BS52/BS53) ................................................................... 324 [6](Tcode:KOV2) ................................................................................................. 324 [7]分配状态管理给订单类型(Tcode: ............................................................... 324 例1.设置订单审批流程 .............................................................................................. 324 例2.使用投资订单管理固定资产项目 ...................................................................... 328

CO-CCA Cost Center Accounting ........................................................................................ 328

分配分摊 ....................................................................................................................... 328

最牛B最灵活的分配分摊依据--统计指标 ....................................................... 336 作业类型 ....................................................................................................................... 348

一 建立type 43次级成本要素(Tcode:KA06) .................................................... 349

Act Ind. deter&Alloc ............................................................................................................. 349

二 建立作业类型(Tcode:KL01) .......................................................................... 349 三 建立生产成本中心(Tcode:KS02) .................................................................. 352 四 成本中心作业量计划(Tcode:KP26|KP27) .................................................... 353

Cost center CCTR3 has none of the activity types used here ................ 353

五 建立成本中心费用计划(Tcode:KP06|KP16/KP17/KP36/KP37) .................. 355 六 计算计划价格(Tcode:KSPI) ........................................................................... 357 七 维护分割结构(Tcode:OKES/OKEW) ............................................................ 358 八 建立工作中心. ................................................................................................ 367

Activity type ACTMN is not allowed for business transaction RKL .... 367

九 建立统计指标 ................................................................................................. 368 十 重过帐和直接作业分摊 ................................................................................. 368 十一 分配分摊 ..................................................................................................... 368

CO-PC ................................................................................................................................... 377

Costing Sheet 成本核算单 .......................................................................................... 377

[1].Define Origin Groups(Tcode:OKZ1) ....................................................... 378 [2].Maintain Overhead Cost Elements（Tcode：KA06） ........................... 379 [3].Define Costing sheets ............................................................................. 379 [4].Define Calculation Bases ....................................................................... 381 [5].Define Percentage Overhead Rates（Tcode:S_ALR_87008275） ....... 382 [6].Define Quantity_Based Overhead Rates ............................................... 383 [7].Define Credits ........................................................................................... 384 [8].Develop Enhancement ................................................................................. 384 [9].Define Overhead Key ................................................................................. 385 [10].Define Overhead Group ........................................................................... 385 [11].Define Cost Component Structure（Tcode：OKTZ） ......................... 386 [12].Error Management ..................................................................................... 386 使用成本核算单的标准成本估算实例。 ........................................................... 386

标准成本Cost variant的Valuation Variant 001(Tcode:OKK4) . .. 386 作业计划价格和Routing检查(CA03). ..................................................... 386 作业计划价格检查(KP26) ........................................................................... 387

成本核算单和成本组件结构 ....................................................................................... 389

例1 Origin group的使用 ..................................................................................... 398 例2 Costing sheet结构和成本估算实例 ............................................................ 400 例3 ........................................................................................................................ 403 例4 ZROY Calculation Base增强 ....................................................................... 403 例5 细说Cost component Structure和Cost Variant关系 ................................. 407 生产成本控制(Product Cost Controlling)后台配置 ........................................... 407

6.1 Product Cost Planning ............................................................................. 408

6.1.1 Basic Settings for Material Costing ..................................... 408

Plan, Target, Actual and Control Cost ............................................................. 417

[1]Basic Settings ............................................................................................. 419 [2]Cost Variants for Manufacturing Orders ............................................. 419 [3]Valuation Varaint ....................................................................................... 423 [7] Define Cost-Accounting-Relevant Default Values ............................ 426 [9] Error message 管理 ................................................................................... 427 [10] ....................................................................................................................... 427 (一) Work in Process ....................................................................................... 429 (2) Variance Calculation ............................................................................... 435

Variances = actual debit – actual credit. 用中国的话来说就是FUl settlement的工单差异一定等于实际的生产成本投入和产出之差. 那么我还要target cost 干什么? .............................................................. 440

(3) Settlement ................................................................................................... 448 Future costing 方案(技术篇). ...................................................................................... 456

业务背景: .............................................................................................................. 456 业务未定部分 ....................................................................................................... 457 解决方案 ............................................................................................................... 458 CO-PC部分 .......................................................................................................... 458

(1)Creating costing type (Tcode:OKKI) ........................................................ 458 (2)Create Valuation variant Z03 (Tcode:OKK4). .......................................... 459 (3)建立成本估算变式(Tcode:OKKN) ......................................................... 459 (4)按业务背景编写取价逻辑(Tcode:SMOD/SE38) .................................... 460 CO-PA部分 .......................................................................................................... 461

(1) 建立销售计划版本(Tcode:OKEQN/OKEVN)............................. 461 (2) 定义评估策略(Tcode:KE4U) ....................................................... 463 (3) 自定义评估策略(Tcode:SMOD/SE38) ........................................ 463 需要确定因素: ...................................................................................................... 463 CK11N取info record 分析报告(注:相当于某地方级政府GDP报告) ................... 464 Purchase Info record tables : ................................................................................. 464 取什么info record ................................................................................................ 466

Cost Estimation 成本估算 ................................................................................................... 467

1成本估算变式 ............................................................................................................ 468

[1]Define Costing Types ....................................................................................... 468 [2]Define Valuation Variants ................................................................................. 469

(1)Material valuation ............................................................................. 469 (2)Actity Type/Process ........................................................................... 471 (3)Subcontracting ..................................................................................... 471 (4)External Processing ........................................................................... 471 (5)Overhead ................................................................................................. 472 (6)Price Factors ....................................................................................... 472 [3]Define Date Control ......................................................................................... 473 [4]Define Quantity Structure Control .................................................................... 473 [5]Define Transfer Strategy ................................................................................... 474

[6]Define Reference Variants ................................................................................ 474 [7]Define Costing Variants .................................................................................... 474 2.标准成本估算 ........................................................................................................... 475 例1. Last PO Price Cost Estimate ................................................................................ 475 例2. Future Costing for COPA ..................................................................................... 475 例3. ............................................................................................................................... 475 数量结果控制设置 ....................................................................................................... 475 重复制造生产配置. ..................................................................................................... 478 按库存生产配置(Make-to-Stock). ........................................................................... 478 按订单生产配置(Make-to-order). ........................................................................... 479 CO-PA ................................................................................................................................... 479

7.利润分析(Profitability Analysis)后台配置 ................................................... 479

7.1 Structures ......................................................................................................... 480

7.1.1 Maintain Characteristics ........................................................... 480 7.1.2 Maintain Value Fields ................................................................. 483 7.1.3 Maintain Operating Concern ....................................................... 485 7.1.4 Sample Operating Concerns ................................................................. 488 7.1.5 Define profitability Segment Char. ....................................... 488 7.1.6 Set Operating Concern ................................................................. 488 7.2 Master Data ..................................................................................................... 489

7.2.1 Maintain Characteristic Values ............................................... 489 7.2.2 Define Characteristics Hierarchy ........................................... 490 7.2.3 Define Characteristic Derivation ........................................... 490 7.2.4 Valuation Strategies ................................................................... 493 7.2.5 Set Up Valuation Using Material Cost Estimate ................. 493 7.2.6 Set Up Conditions and Costing Sheets ................................... 493 7.3 Planning .......................................................................................................... 493

7.3.1 Initial Steps ................................................................................. 494

7.3.1.1 Define Number Ranges for Planning Data ................... 494 7.3.1.2 Maintain Versions ............................................................. 494 7..3.1.3 Assign Quantity Fields ................................................. 494 7.3.2 Planning Framework ....................................................................... 494

7.3.2.1 Set Up Planning Framework ............................................. 494 7.3.2.2 Create Planning Level fro Planning Layout ............. 494 7.3.2.3 Display Planner Profiles ............................................... 495 7.3.3 Manual Entry of Planning Data ................................................. 495

7.3.3.1 Define Planning layout ................................................... 495 7.3.3.2 Define Value Field Assignments ................................... 495 7.3.3.3 Define Distribution Profiles ....................................... 495 7.3.3.4 Calculated Values as Reference ................................... 495 7.3.4 Integrated Planning .............................................................................. 495 7.3.5 Planning Aids ....................................................................................... 495 7.3.6 Reorganization ..................................................................................... 495 7.4 Flows of Actual Values .................................................................................... 495

7.4.1 Initial Steps ................................................................................. 495

7.4.1.1 Define Number Ranges for Actual Postings ............... 495 7.4.1.2 Maintain Characteristic Groups ................................... 496 7.4.1.3 Assign Cha. Grp. for Assignment Screen ................... 497 7.4.1.4 Assing Char. Grp. For Line Item Screen ................... 498 7.4.1.5 Maintain Value Field Groups ......................................... 498 7.4.1.7 Summarize Data During Update ............................................... 499 7.4.1.8 Store Quantities In CO-PA Std. Unit of Measure ...................... 500 7.4.2 Transfer of Incoming Sales Orders ............................................... 500 7.4.3 Transfer of Billing Documents ..................................................... 502 7.4.4 Order and Project Settlement ....................................................... 503 7.4.5 Direct Posting from FI/MM ......................................................... 503 7.4.6 Settlement of Production Variances .............................................. 503 7.4.7 Transfer of Overhead .................................................................... 503 7.4.8 Transfer Customer Rebate Agreements ........................................ 503 7.4.9 Multiple Valuation Approaches/Transfer Price ......................... 503 7.4.10 Periodic Adjustments .................................................................. 503 7.4.11 Activate Profitability Analysis .................................................... 503

1.定义经营范围 ................................................................................................... 506 2.获利分析段PSG ................................................................................................ 513 3.特征值派生和值字段评估 ............................................................................... 515 1 基本设置(Basic Settings) ........................................................................... 525 2 企业组织(Enterprise Organization) ......................................................... 530 3 主数据(Master Data) ..................................................................................... 531 4 利润中心分配(Assignments to Profit Centers) ..................................... 534

SAP屠宰行业CO解决方案 .................................................................................................. 535

业务背景： ................................................................................................................... 535 SAP实现 ........................................................................................................................ 537

1建立物料 ............................................................................................................ 538 2建立BOM .......................................................................................................... 538 3.外包给屠夫宰 .................................................................................................... 540

4.使用外包工序 .................................................................................................... 544

关于联产品工单成本怎么结算?你整一个Allocation structure, SAPhelp. Create Allocation Structure .............................................................................................. 546 5工单 .................................................................................................................... 547

Material Ledger 物料分类账详解 ................................................................................... 547

一.ML功能简介 ............................................................................................................ 547 二.标准价Pk加权平均价 ........................................................................................... 554 三.差异来源和差异处理 ............................................................................................. 559 四.SAP差异科目设置 .................................................................................................. 560 利润中心(Profit Center Accounting) ........................................................................... 560

1 基本设置(Basic Settings) ................................................................................... 561 2 企业组织(Enterprise Organization) ................................................................. 566 3 主数据(Master Data) ............................................................................................. 567

4 利润中心分配(Assignments to Profit Centers) ............................................. 570 5 转移价格(Transfer Prices) ........................................................................................ 571

Logistics - General ........................................................................................................................ 571

销售运作计划(SOP)和利润计划 ......................................................................................... 571

LIS配置 ........................................................................................................................ 573 (2)应用Sales Flexible Planning ................................................................................... 579 (3)使用PA Planning Framework(KEPM ) ................................................................... 584 (4)PA Valuation Stratege ............................................................................................ 590

MM Material Management ........................................................................................................... 590

PO Account Assignment 增强 Coding Block ..................................................................... 591

Background: .................................................................................................................. 594 1.Related IMG ............................................................................................................... 594

Step 1.Define valuation class for those non-material ............................................ 594 Step 2.Define PO Account Assignment Categories ............................................... 597 Step 3. Assign account to VBR ............................................................................. 599 Step 4.Where we define valuation class ................................................................ 599 2.Q&A ........................................................................................................................... 600

1.How to Activate Direct Posting to G/L Accounts and Material Account ........... 600 2.What will Happen? ............................................................................................. 602 3.Mark delv. Completed ........................................................................................ 602

物料移动类型和后勤自动科目设置 ................................................................................... 603 分割评估和混合成本 ........................................................................................................... 615

业务背景:...................................................................................................................... 615 配置分割评估 ............................................................................................................... 615

建立物料主数据 ........................................................................................................... 619 建立cosing mix ratio (Tcode:CK91/CK91N|CK94) .............................................. 622 Valuation variant分析 ............................................................................................ 627 后勤一般设置(Logsticis-General) ....................................................................................... 633

物料主数据(Material Master) ...................................................................................... 633 MM Condition配置 ...................................................................................................... 642 PO审批流程 ........................................................................................................................ 656

一 定义Release group .............................................................................................. 656 二 定义Release code ................................................................................................ 656 三 定义Release indictor ........................................................................................ 657 四 定义Release Strategy ........................................................................................ 658 五 建立分类Z_PUR_DOC_RELEASE .............................................................................. 662 Stock Transfer Order ............................................................................................................. 664

MM PO配置 ................................................................................................................ 665 跨公司transfer order .................................................................................................... 676 两种外包方式比较 ............................................................................................................... 681

业务背景:...................................................................................................................... 681 1.直接使用外包PO ...................................................................................................... 682

(1)成本核单(Costing sheet)设置 .......................................................................... 682 (2)成本部件(Cost component structure)............................................................... 683

(3)维护物料info record ....................................................................................... 685 (4)标准成本估算 .................................................................................................. 685 (5)外包PO无Condition流程 ............................................................................. 687 (6)应用PO condition ............................................................................................ 689 (7)外包科目设置 .................................................................................................. 690 (8)外包PO带4个condition流程. ..................................................................... 691 (9)存在的问题 ...................................................................................................... 693 2.使用工单混合作业外包 ............................................................................................ 694

(1)建立作业外包info record ............................................................................... 694 (2)建立外包工序 .................................................................................................. 695 (3)标准成本估算 .................................................................................................. 696 (4)建立工单和作业PR转PO ............................................................................. 697 (5)作业外包PO收货 ........................................................................................... 699 (6)配置PO Account assignment ........................................................................... 699 (7)工单收货外包料的价格处理 .......................................................................... 701 (8)自定义逻辑 ...................................................................................................... 703 (9)存在的问题 ...................................................................................................... 704

委外加工的种类和处理方法(使用prod. Order和purchase order) -2 ............................... 704

1.Related IMG ............................................................................................................... 705

Step 1.Define valuation class for those non-material ............................................ 705 Step 2.Define PO Account Assignment Categories ............................................... 707 Step 3. Assign account to VBR ............................................................................. 709 Step 4.Where we define valuation class ................................................................ 709 2.Q&A ........................................................................................................................... 710

1.How to Activate Direct Posting to G/L Accounts and Material Account ........... 710 2.What will Happen? ............................................................................................. 712 3.Mark delv. Completed ........................................................................................ 712

MM Condition MM采购定价.............................................................................................. 715 透视条件（Condition）技术 ............................................................................................... 720

（1）定义采购定价控制级别（SE16：V_001W_K） ............................................. 722 （2）熟悉采购定价过程 ............................................................................................. 723 物料主数据 ........................................................................................................................... 734

(1).物料主数据配置 ................................................................................................... 734 (2).为用户设置可维护主数据屏幕 ........................................................................... 734 (3).限制维护物料字段 ............................................................................................... 738 (4).设置物料交易状态（Tcode：OMS4） ................................................................. 741 (5).特殊物料处理 ....................................................................................................... 742 SAP相关打印编程- PO打印 .............................................................................................. 746 物料管理(Material Management) 后台配置 ....................................................................... 756

物料管理一般设置 ....................................................................................................... 756 采购环境数据(Environment Data) ............................................................................... 757 物料采购数据(Material Data) ...................................................................................... 757 分隔评估(Split Valuation) ............................................................................................ 760 供应商和合作伙伴确定(Vendor Master| Parter Determination) ................................. 760

后勤发票校验(Logistics Invoice Verification) ............................................................. 760 收进发票处理(Incoming Invoice) ................................................................................ 762 Valuation and Account Assignment ............................................................................... 767

例1:如何使用Valuation group code ..................................................................... 776 例2 PO condition和OBYC ........................................................................................ 778 例3 移动类型如何取得自动配置科目 ? .................................................................. 778 运杂费处理 ........................................................................................................................... 783

(一)方法1:直接列入期间费用 .................................................................................. 784 (二)方法2:使用事后借记和计划外运输费用 .......................................................... 784 (三)方法3:应计条件类型处理运杂费. .................................................................... 786 (四)方法4:建立厂外临时工厂. ................................................................................ 794 (五)其他方法 ................................................................................................................ 795 GR/IR科目拆分 ................................................................................................................... 796

Background ................................................................................................................... 796 OMSF define additional material group ZSTONE ....................................................... 797 Define additional valuation class ZSTV (OMSK) ........................................................ 797 OMQW define additional material group ..................................................................... 799 Define another GR/IR account with OBYC->WRX ..................................................... 799 ME21N/MIGO test ....................................................................................................... 800 正解方案:...................................................................................................................... 803 物料类型 ............................................................................................................................... 805

管道物料(Pipeline Material) ........................................................................................ 805 供应商寄存物料(Consignment Stock) ......................................................................... 806 委外加工物资 ............................................................................................................... 806 寄售给客户物料 ........................................................................................................... 806 客户维修物料 ............................................................................................................... 807 更改物料Valuation class .............................................................................................. 807 GR/IR 的绝妙应用 ............................................................................................................. 809 PP - Production ............................................................................................................................. 812

使用外包工序 ....................................................................................................................... 812

(1)建立作业外包信息记录 .......................................................................................... 812 (2).建立外包工序 ......................................................................................................... 813 (3)外包标准成本估算 .................................................................................................. 814 (4).建立外包工单 ......................................................................................................... 815 (5).外包采购单收货 ..................................................................................................... 817 (6).外包工单收货外包件价格设置 ............................................................................. 818 Super BOM(Configurable material BOM)的应用 ............................................................... 819

一 Classification System(分类系统)简介 ................................................................... 819 二 Super BOM和配置BOM应用举例 ..................................................................... 820

建立物料(Tcode:MM01) ....................................................................................... 822 建立Super BOM(CS01) ........................................................................................ 824 建立configurable profile (Tcode:CU41) .................................................... 825 例1- Phantom Part的使用. ................................................................................ 829 例2 配置BOM的成本估算 .......................................................................................... 829

SD - Sales & Distribution ............................................................................................................. 829

SD Condition SD销售定价.................................................................................................. 829 BC - Basis ..................................................................................................................................... 835

How to Archive material master data or inventory data? ...................................................... 835

Relatd T-codes: .............................................................................................................. 835 2. How to change valuation category with existed transaction data . ............................ 835 3. How to archive the batch data . ................................................................................. 837 4.Unit test OK ! ............................................................................................................. 840 How to delete a change request ............................................................................................. 841 How to set required fields for material master ...................................................................... 842

1. Self define a Sel. Group and Re-assign Fields to Field Selection Groups ................ 842 2. Maintain Field Selection for Data Screens ................................................................ 844 3. Unit test result . ...................................................................................................... 845 Little SAP tips ....................................................................................................................... 846 How to add a search Help?.................................................................................................... 848 How to add field MARA-ZEIAR(Document type ) as a search help ................................. 848

1.What is so-called a search help ............................................................................... 848 2.How to add a search help for material master data .................................................... 849 How to add code for SAP Query ........................................................................................... 852

Case 1. change fields sign . ........................................................................................... 853 Case 2. Add additional Tables and fields . .................................................................... 854 Case 3.Coding using work area or internal table for additional fields. ...................... 855 Case 4: Use alias table to add a same table for query twice or multiple times. ............. 858 Case5. User cluster table BSEG with logical database ................................................. 859

1. use logical database, such as BRF ..................................................................... 861 2. direct read of table BSEG.................................................................................. 861 Case6. Use left outer join to avoid query data missing ................................................. 862 Case7.Change Query Program with SE38 .................................................................... 863 大话ERP权限控制 ............................................................................................................... 865 IMG剖析和SE16 ................................................................................................................ 873 如何收集常用事务码? ......................................................................................................... 875 ABAP ............................................................................................................................................ 877

ABAP开发三月通 .................................................................................................................. 877

前 言 ................................................................................................................... 877 一.基础篇 ..................................................................................................................... 878

1.什么是ABAP ? .................................................................................................. 879 2.ABAP开发环境的建立 ...................................................................................... 882 3.获得Access Key . .......................................................................................... 882 4.ABAP workbench和ABAP dictionary ........................................................... 882 5.第一个程序-Hello World. ............................................................................. 883 6.ABAP语法简介 .................................................................................................. 884 7.Open SQL和Native SQL ................................................................................. 884 8.内表和工作区 ................................................................................................... 884 9.使用字段符号 ................................................................................................... 884

10.模块化程序 ..................................................................................................... 884 11.文件处理 ......................................................................................................... 884 12.簇数据库和逻辑消息和错误处理数据库 ..................................................... 884 13. ......................................................................................................................... 884 14.使用用户授权 ................................................................................................. 892 15.调用外部程序和程序动态生产 ..................................................................... 892 16.选择屏幕 ......................................................................................................... 892 17.使用程序运行变式 ......................................................................................... 892 18.制作Tcode ...................................................................................................... 892 二.加强篇. ................................................................................................................... 893

1.CATT ................................................................................................................... 893 2.BDC ..................................................................................................................... 893 3.制作程序的background job .......................................................................... 893 4.SapScript ......................................................................................................... 893 5.Smartform ......................................................................................................... 893 6.SAP Query ......................................................................................................... 893 7.ALV编程 ............................................................................................................ 893 8.ALE/iDoc ........................................................................................................... 893 9.Report painter和Drilldown Report ......................................................... 893 10.RFC/BAPI ......................................................................................................... 893 11.编写用户增强 ................................................................................................. 893 12.深入ABAP工作台 ........................................................................................... 893 13.传输请求 ......................................................................................................... 894 14.和其它语言的交互 ......................................................................................... 896 三.实战篇 ..................................................................................................................... 896

1.MM模块开发实例. ............................................................................................ 896 一.MM常用表格及其关联关系图 ........................................................................ 896 二.开发实例 ......................................................................................................... 896

1.MM相关单据打印 ...................................................................................... 897

2.PO增强编程 ...................................................................................... 897

自动建立PO和SO ........................................................................ 898

SE11建立一记录表ZPOSO ................................................... 899 使用PO User_exit .............................................................. 899

3.物料主数据编程 ............................................................................... 910 4.供应商列表分析 (No Content) ..................................................... 910 5.收货检测增强 (No Content) ......................................................... 910 6.库存分析报表 (No Content) ......................................................... 911 7.GR/IR报表 (No Content) .............................................................. 911 8.报废流程增强 (No Content) ......................................................... 911

2.SD模块开发实例. ............................................................................................ 911 3.PP模块开发实例. ............................................................................................ 911 4.FI模块开发实例. ............................................................................................ 912

1.编写财务报表 ........................................................................................... 912 2.财务凭证的确定(Validation) ............................................................... 912

3.财务凭证的退代(Substitution) ........................................................... 919 4.BKPF|BSEG浅析 ........................................................................................ 932 5.Dunning催款 ............................................................................................ 932 6.支票打印 ................................................................................................... 932 7. ................................................................................................................... 932 8. ................................................................................................................... 932 5.CO模块开发实例 (No Content). .................................................................. 932 6.Basis相关开发实例 ........................................................................................ 932

1.删除传输请求 ........................................................................................... 932 2.检测用户授权列表 ................................................................................... 935 3.致命SAP权限控制漏洞 ........................................................................... 935 4.再谈开发权限漏洞 ................................................................................... 940

开发项目流程简介 (No Content). ........................................................................... 946 附录: ............................................................................................................................. 946

ABAPer 常用Tcode .............................................................................................. 946 编写用户增强 ....................................................................................................... 948

操作最简单的欺骗Access Key的文档 .............................................................................. 952

(1)SE38 :输入LSKEYF00按display .......................................................................... 952 (2)/n 或者/O开新窗口,SE38再输入LSKEYF00这次按change按钮. .................. 952 (3)SE16: progdir,准备请空PROGDIR-EDTX ............................................................ 953 4.插入一行SY-SUBRC = 0 .到LSKEYF00就可. ..................................................... 955 快速修改表内容 ................................................................................................................... 956 如何快速找到增强 ............................................................................................................... 959

Message消息控制 ........................................................................................................ 961

BW ................................................................................................................................................ 964

第一篇 BW篇 ........................................................................................................................ 964

第1夜 数据仓库知识 ................................................................................................. 964

一.什么是数据仓库(Data Warehouse)? ............................................................... 964 二.为什么使用SAP BW ...................................................................................... 965 三.数据仓库架构理论(附) ................................................................................... 968 四.OLTP&OLAP(附) ............................................................................................ 968 五SAP BW(Business Information Warehouse)实施方法论 ................................ 969 a. SAP BW的版本历史 ..................................................................................... 971 第2夜ABAP基础 ......................................................................................................... 971 第3夜 逻辑系统和数据源 ......................................................................................... 971

一.建立逻辑系统 ................................................................................................. 971

思考:如何建立R/3和BW的数据交换通信? ............................................ 974 二.将配置Tcode整成前台执行 ......................................................................... 977 三.建立数据源(Data Source) ........................................................................... 980

思考: 如何增强0FI_GL_1? ........................................................................ 984 四.数据源传输模式 ............................................................................................. 989 五.SAP发展简史(附) .......................................................................................... 990 第4夜BW管理员工作台 ............................................................................................. 992 第5夜 数据抽取准备 ................................................................................................. 995

一.建立源系统(Source System) ....................................................................... 995

SEM - Strategic Enterprise Management ...................................................................................... 998

第22夜 SEM模块简介 ........................................................................................................ 999

Procedure for System Administration .................................................................... 1003 第23夜 使用BPS制定销售计划 ..................................................................................... 1004

一.SAP R/3 的LIS->SOP->KEPM实例回顾 ............................................................. 1004

1.建立LIS表格 .................................................................................................. 1004 2.SOP .................................................................................................................. 1012 二.使用BPS制定销售计划 ....................................................................................... 1013

1.建立销售计划信息立方体 .............................................................................. 1013 2.启动BPS工作台(Tcode:BPS0) (1)Create Planning Area .............................. 1014

BCS 混合合并疑问 ........................................................................................................... 1016

例1 使用混合合并单元 ............................................................................................ 1016 一.合并版本(Verions) ................................................................................................. 1020 例2 使用混合版本 .................................................................................................... 1020

SAP上线期初初始数据如何导入（尤其是针对以前有老系统的情况） ............................ 1023

MM ..................................................................................................................................... 1023 SD: ...................................................................................................................................... 1024 PP ........................................................................................................................................ 1025 FICO ................................................................................................................................... 1025

General Settings

检查度量单位(Check Units of Measurement)

General Settings->Check units of measurement

关于单位配置通常是不需要的,SAP已经提供了几乎所有可用到的度量单位.

如图1.3-1,[1]单位维度比如时间功率体积重量,将相关单位更好组织. [2]单位的一些国际标准代号,比如小时Hour ISO code是HUR [3]在右边选择一单位维度,然后对其包含的单位可维护一些基本特征比如小数位等.

1.库存销售采购单位设置不同的优缺点. 优点:企业实际要求可能需要将这三者设定不同的度量单位并维护一个 (指库存单位和采购单位与销售单位—后俩者称可选单位的换算)换算关系, 比如钢材采购单位可能是按吨,库存可能是按卷(或块),比如有些物料采购是按包,库存是按个. 显然在这些情况有维护不同单位的必要. 再假如,除了上面所说的库存销售采购单位外,比如有这样的case,某企业希望将库存中按卷计算的钢材在报关时使用吨,在发料时使用米,在采购时使用公斤,然后根据换算关系自动增加扣减库存,使用 Units of measure grp能满足需求.(如下图,Enter Additional data到units of measure允许定义多个单位和库存单位的换算)

缺点:采购按一包50个采购了某物料,在生产时发现有些包中有一两个不良,按包退货似乎不合理,按个数吧,整包进来退两个来开个退货PO也不好,等凑成一包要些时候也可能会影响实际需求(需求时间上的影响,尽管这些料将来可能要补充回库存). 企业总会遇到类似难题,为了便于理解,假设企业有某月计划,A料0库存,从此月的物料供应和生产消耗都是1000,但从物料供给角度,此四周供应商能准确提供的到货数是300,200,100,400,这样从生产角度看,第三周将缺料150. 需求(A物料) PC (生控) MC(物控) 第一周 250 300 第二周 250 200 第三周 250 100 第四周 250 400 另外,换算关系的不精确和几个单位的随便混用可能造成一些不良后果, 除非必须,尽量使用相同单位. ***计算MPR是一般使用库存单位. 2.数据库中的单位值和显示值差异 这种case在SAP很多地方都存在,比如PC,在数据库中保存的是PCS,显示出来是PC, 使用SE16检查TPAR Parter表数据库保存的是AG(Sold-to Party),显示是SP. 3.如何更改物料单位 SAP标准做法是1转移库存,2 PO,SO相关line items要mark为deleted(可使用OMT4 switch off消息),如果使用了batch,还必须archive batch data,显然十分繁琐. 最直接最有效的办法,就是直接在数据库曾更改单位,比如你想将原来单位EA更改成PC,找到表MARA将此物料的MEINS改成PCS(注意是PCS). 为什么可直接在数据层更改单位,在什么情况下有风险,需要注意什么? 2.1 Basic Data 1 字段说明

[1]物料基本单位,即物料库存单位,常用的相关单位还有采购和销售单位,如有需要可将采购单位和

销售单位赋予和基本单位不同的度量单位并维护换算关系.(请参考思考与释疑1-3)

[2]Material group物料组, 一般来讲,material type是物料大类,是从会计记帐角度来划分物料, 同一Material type的物料对应相同的Valuation class(请参照2.24 Accouting 1和5.物料自动记帐 ),企业根据需要一般建立原材料,包装物,半成品,外包料,成品等Material type.

Material group从物料的属性角度将物料类别细分,企业可根据需要建立资产类,电子类,塑胶类,五金类,光电类等material group.

Material group的用处还表现在用户能根据它查询物料(比如库存等,请参照4.1定义物料查询帮助),

我们还可使用Material group对无主物料数据物料采购(比如资产采购,费用采购)设定会计科目分配(即PO Account Assignment, 请参照4.2.PO科目分配) 从Additional data click进去.

Financial Accounting

Financial Accounting Global Settings

例1功能范围的应用.

例2业务范围(Business Area)

一ERP工程师死后,上帝数落对他的不满:那么多企业的ERP全被你们这些人弄的一塌糊涂,弄的现在大家都管ERP叫Enhancement&Repair Project了,天天修修补补这个那个洞洞的,太可恶了,你下地狱吧. ERP工程师甚是不服,找到阎王老兄历陈实施ERP的好处,说以前的过错完全应归咎于企业领导的对ERP的错误认识,他有办法让地府的管理更上一层楼.总之,据称后来地狱实施了ERP系统管理还真的大有改观.这下阎王高兴了到处吹嘘自己管理水平如何高明. 某天李天王参观地狱,阎王醉后又在李天王面前吹,老李听了,煞是羡慕,心想天宫要是也弄个ERP多好,于是他想让阎王把那ERP工程师给调到天庭上去. 阎老大当然不愿意放走人才. 老李火了:说,老阎,你不答应,等俺上天后再找你算帐,俺到玉帝面前告你去. 阎王咧嘴笑了:老李,你啥时开始学会瞎咋呼了,少来这套,我又不是吓大的.这年头,春风吹,战鼓擂,大家兄弟谁怕谁?我告诉你,所有的会计师都呆在俺家十八层地狱,你找谁跟俺算帐?所有的律师们也在俺这,你找谁告俺? 年度变式(Fiscal Year) Tcode:OB29|OB37

SAP提供了非常灵活的会计年度变式定制,比如国内企业,我们可以直接使用K4,这时候可和日历(公历)相关的变式,这个变式简单使用公历的月份做期间,12期间加4个额外的调整期间,一般的说法是,对于上市公式年报未公步后可以在未来的四期间进行审计或税务等方面调整. 1.调整如下操作,你输入上年第12期间的任何一天,通常可采用最后一天,然后手工输入13-16期间,注意一下,月份并不等于期间虽然在你企业可能是同一概念,比如你使用了K4,对多数外资公司似乎喜欢采用所谓的‖445‖之类的会计年度变式,如接下来的Z1和WL就是实例. 2.有的用户希望有这样的效果,就是1-3period我希望调整项能做在13period,即4季度调整 对应13-16 period,起码我知道SAP默认似乎是不允许的,记住,调整的posting date只能是上 年最后一period的某日. 接下来举两个比较特殊的变式,WL分53 period(一period即一周),这个period将用在销售预测和PA块等,我们需要按周做销售预测(关于销售预测详细请参考本书相关实例) 为此我们在物料的MRP3 view的Forecase requirements中,我们选择period indictor是W,Fiscal year variant是ZL.

图2中的WL是跨年度的,从2006/07/02就是2007年的第1周了(这和接下来的图3,会计计帐用的年度变式相对应)

所有的凭证类型都在此设置一个比如和凭证类型相同的授权组(Authorization Group).

图2-[4]:表示凭证用于哪些Account type,我们来假设这样一个场景,客户同时是你的供应商, 你在F-53付款时同时对清一些vendor和customer的未清项,此时假设凭证类型KZ(F-53 默认类型)如不允许Customer(Account type D),是清不了Customer未清项的(关于vendor和customer的未清项对清请参考本书的相关实例).

图2-[5]典型的比如doc type AF,资产折旧的选上了它就只能后台使用了.

图2-[6]为空表示该凭证类型默认的汇率转换类型是M,你可以测试一下,OB07|OB08定义一个exch. Rate type比如Y,在此设置Y,这样外币转换就使用exch. Rate type Y了.

图2-[7]表示该凭证类型(SA)允许公司间直接过帐,我们知道FB50的默认凭证是SA,你在FB50测试一下,Dr:company code 5100记笔费用, Cr行项目公司代码手工输入4100,付笔现金,这就叫公司间过帐,为此你必须首先使用OBYA设置公司间清帐的科目才能过帐,关于公司间清帐请参考本书相关部分.

图2-[8]除了使用凭证的validation外,我们还可以直接设置某种凭证类型过帐时必须输入Reference 字段和document header文本,不大建议如此做法,因为它是doc. Type级的,可能集团公司的某些公司代码我并不需要此功能,你不能强行就给整上去.

图1-[2]:Validation and Substitution(Tcode:OB28|OBBH)

假设你公司代码是四位数字表示,各公司代码的成本中心的前两位是参考公司代码建立的, 比如company code 5100的成本中心是51*****,company code 4100的cost center是 41****,为了防止用户在5100做成本中心消耗时输入成本中心41****或其它,我们就可以使用一个确定(validation)来防止这些错误.

关于确定和退代请参考本书相关实例部分,使用GGB0|GGB1你可以看到SAP相关模块 使用的所有确定和退代.

你使用GCT0传输你自定的确定和退代代码.

图1-[3]:Define Text IDs for Documents(Tcode:OBT8)

在此你定义凭证header的文本ID,这个ID和line item ID(SE16: V_T053)有所不同,我们知 道在记帐比如FB50,我们line item输入ID,然后会自动带出ID表示的文本来,这个header ID 似乎不是这么回事,SAP说这些ID在Correspondence和Payment advice info可以调用. 图1-[4]: Document Change Rules, Document Header

SAP默认财务凭证header字段BKPF-BKTXT和蔼BKPF-XBLNR两个字段内容是可以更改的(比如使用FB02),接下来我们也可设置凭证行项目某些字段内容是否允许修改.

我们记住,并不是某些字段你在次设置了它们可以修改你就真的能修改它们的,在本篇中附送了一个可以修改绝大部分字段内容的程序. 图1-[5]: Maximum Exchange Rate Difference

某企业需求,不允许财务用户在记帐时手工修改汇率,用户是这样做的,假设是FB50,跳到Details tab页,手工输入exch. Rate,或者F-02,外币记帐,直接输入汇率,然后开始记帐,就使用了手工输入的汇率了,现在需要禁止财务人员这样搞法(你说这什么世道,这样故意搞错汇率的帐也记的出来,不过话又说回来,这个世界不做点假帐的会计也不算会计了),你就可以将根据公司代码和外币类型设置最大的汇率差是0,不能有汇率差异,然后OBA5将消息F5 212设置成Error ,Ok,用户手工输入汇率不管用了,如果输入汇率和OB08定义的汇率不同就有F5 212的错误.

现在的问题是,公司(本位币RMB)刚收到一笔100000USD的投资款,按双方协商的汇率是8RMB=1USD,即等于增加投资800000RMB,而现在的汇率变成7.9RMB = 1USD,Ok,你限 定了不能有汇率差异,手工输入汇率出现错误,哎,你又要将F5 212给折腾成警告什么的.

我个人很反对不改善操作流程而滥用系统的做法. 使用授权组限制凭证类型使用

用户需求:

财务部们做AP的用户只能使用某些凭证类型,做AR的只能使用应收相关的另一些凭证类型等,为此我们可以在所有相关的会计凭证类型中设置授权组(Tcode:OBA7,如图2-[3],我为凭证类型SA定义了一授权组也叫SA(你最好不要给WE,WA,WL,因为通常你不给财务部们用户物体料相关Tcode MB1A,MB1B,MB1C,MIGO,VL02N等就可以了.). 即限制不同财务用户只能使用特定的doc type.

如图3,假设我想让用户STONEF只能使用FB50和doc type SA记记帐,我们这样做

(1)OBA7给一些手工记帐用的Document type比如AB加入授权组AB,KR加入KR,总之,自动过 帐的doc type WA,WL,WE的我们不加授权组. (2)PFCG建立一role,用户STONEF被加入该role

(3)加入记帐用的Tcode FB50|F-02等,然后我们选择图3-[2]的Authorization for Document Types后在Authorizatoin group中输入SA到SA,现在用户STONEF就只能使用Doc type SA了. 注意:

SAP的权限检查的逻辑无非是使用下面的代码:

authority-check object 'F_BKPF_BLA' ―凭证类型的授权对象

id 'ACTVT' field _actvt ―Activity用来限制用户的行为比如是否可新建修改删除 id 'BRGRU' field i_brgru. ‖这个就是传说中的授权组

回到第1步,OBA7给所有手工可能使用的doc type加上授权组,这步是关键.假设只有Doc type SA加了授权组SA,然后在图3-[3]加入的doc. Type的授权组是From SA to SA,很好,F-02你可以使用所有的凭证类型,因为其它的凭证都没有设置授权组,上面的authority-check代码返回是成功的,你测试一下,给doc type AB加入一授权组AB,Ok,现在STONEF F-02时不能使用Doc type AB

了. 你为需要的doc type都加入授权组(推荐和doc type同名),然后在PFCG中分别加入document type的授权组,该用户就只能使用被授权使用的凭证类型了. SAP中设置权限其实非常简单,也就那些东西,并且,尽管authority-check这东西SAP不允许我们debug,我们依旧知道实际上授权对象不过是写在表USRBF2中而已,如有debug权限,SAP的权限设置不过是摆设而已.

凭证行项目(Line Item)

图1-[1]:Define posting Keys(Tcode:OB41)

一般地,我们不需要自定义过帐码,如果可能,最好你记住几个常用的PK码以显示你对FICO 是多么的Professional. 关于记帐码,有两点值一提:

(1)第一点是PK码00,表示Account assignment model,我们使用FKMT定义所谓的Account assignment model,然后我们在记帐时比如F-02时可以使用它, account assignment 是一个你预定义的line item集合可以方便地实际记帐时插入凭证,为此你只要选择记帐码00就行.

本篇接下来会详细介绍FKMT(Acct. assignment),FBD1(Recurring Entry Document)和F-01 (Sample document)在FI模块的应用.

(2)第2点是记帐码的字段状态组,SAP在记帐时会要求?记帐码?会计科目?物料移动类型(物料移动相关比如MIGO 101收货产生会计凭证,当然对于FI直接记帐和movement type就无关了)三者的字段状态组相同,否则过帐时就有错误提示.

图1-[2][3]:Define Field Status Variants and Assingn to company code Tcode: OBC4|SE16: V_001_P

OBC4简单地从SAP里copy field status variant到Z001然后简单地分配给所有的集团公司代码就可以,SAP配置不就是简单地拷来拷去吗?

我们知道FS00建立科目主数据时时我们会选择字段状态组,根据实际业务需要,你可能需要更改默认的字段状态组,比如你实施了Business area,相关科目在记帐时要将Business area这个Account assignment 字段显示出来你就需要OBC4更改字段状态. 图1-[4]: Maintain Subscreens for Coding Blocks(Tcode:OXK1|OXK2|OKX3)

详细请参考本篇实例Field status和Coding block subscreen. 图1-[5]: Define Tolerance Groups(SE16: V_T043T| SE16:V_T043)

你必须为SE16: V_T043T每个公司定义一个记帐Tol. Gr,否则记帐时会提示F5013的警告和F5103的错误,图3中为company code 5100设置了一Tol gr,这个用户每次最大的记帐金额是1000 RMB,并被分配给user STONEF(如图3-[2]),这样在company code 5100中,STONEF最大的记帐金额是1000 RMB .

如有需要,你可定义不同的TOl. Gr定义不同的最大记帐金额并分配给不同层次的财务人员. 问题:

同一个用户比如STONEF,如何设置其在不同公司的不同的最大记帐金额,比如在company code5100允许最大记帐金额是1000HKD,在5300是5000HKD等等. Field status和Coding block subscreen

业务背景:

用户希望在记帐时成本费用类科目(Field status group: G004)能使用自定义的Coding block字段ZZCB1(Tcode:OXK3),因为尽管使用了cost center和statistical internal order用户认为还不能详细反应费用的用途.

其实很简单,你只要保证OBC4,OMJJ(主要针对material account with Field status group G006),OB41(PK)码字段状态必须一致.一个实例就是MIGO收货将产生类似Dr:(PK 89)INV Cr(PK:96) GR/IR的凭证,你就必须保证PK码96,字段状态组G006还有Mvtype 101的字段状态相同,对普通G/L当然就不需要考虑OMJJ的字段状态了. *关于OXK3的使用请参考本书的SPL配置相关章节.

(1) 字段状态组的配置

一.会计科目字段状态组的设置 Tcode:OBC4(OB14),OBC5

你不要问俺怎么知道tcode,你们不知道俺知道,谁让俺是天下独一无二的SAP屠夫呢?我不会告诉你们如何找tcode的,最近SAP AG那帮鸟人越来越给咱们一个SPRO敷衍了事了,反正我跟你们又不很熟悉,我也不会告诉你们,我还最善于在SPRO下自挂几个IMG tree玩.

OBC4选取G004后,将ZZCB1,functional area,profit center等字段设置为必输(Re1.Entry)或可选(Opt. Entry),需要注意的是最好OBC4,OB41,OMJJ保持完全一致,一个实例某account assignment字段是OBC4是可选,OB41是必选,即使你输入了内容依旧有错误提示.

OBC5你将这field status group分配给你的公司代码.由于只是费用类科目只要再考虑PK码

的字段状态就可以.

*OBD4定义会计科目组的field status,OB26定义transaction的field status都只是针对会计科目操作(FS00,FSP0)的,和本主题没有关系. 二.定义PK码的字段状态 Tcode:OB41

在此步你需要的是将PK40,50 additional account assignment的ZZCB1,Functional area,profit center设成可选.

三 手工记帐(Tcode:F-02|FB50)

随便选一Tcode记帐,如使用FB50,你必须双击相应行项目才能看到account assignment屏幕(关于此屏幕的意思请参考本书的SPL配置篇章节)

至此,ZZCB1字段就已经出现了, 你可能看到的画面如图例2-3,可惜ZZCB1字段没有default显示出来,你可能需要Click图例2-3-[1]的More|Mehr按钮才能弹出该字段,这时你就需要OXK1. 1.什么是字段状态组? 我觉得从设计上最好解释这个问题,在SPL配置里我已经说过Account assignment屏幕的作用,什么是字段状态组,简单地说就是反应科目记帐的详细情况,其实一般的财务软件都有类似功能,只是SAP高度集成着MM,SD,HR等模块,如将所有的字段都显示出来,用户界面肯定很混乱,况且你认为将material想关字段显示在一般G/L account屏幕占篇幅合适吗? 同时我们必须记住,Account assignment字段只是字段状态的一个组成部分而已,在这里只讨论此类型字段,一般地,你也没有必要将它全部晾出来晒. 2.会计科目需要怎样设置字段状态组? 太简单,不讨论…

(2) 定义Coding block subscreen Tcode:OXK1

OXK1定义coding block subscreen,定义的这屏幕是跨client的.

如图例2-4,将ZZCB1设置成第一个字段,将自定义的subscreen 9000的Priority设成最高1,激活标志选上后按Generate按钮产生程序(即如何取subscreen的策略程序,这时候那个爱跳

舞的每天尽知道瞎开心的小朋友过来问,请问屠老大,那个程序在哪里,靠,

难道连这个我也要告诉你们吗?).

当使用G004的科目记帐时,如图例2-5,你发现ZZCB1字段默认显示了并且确实是第一个字段.

1虽然本例重点是以字定义字段ZZCB1为例,实际上任何Account assignment字段都是这样操作. 2 细心的读者一定会发现,当然象SHERKY之类的是发现不了的,为什么图例2-4我明明设置了7个字段给9000屏幕结果图例2-4-[5][6]设置的material和network字段没了,好,首先我需要告诉你的是,这次真的不是SHERKY和YZZY偷去换糖吃的,是什么原因,读者自己想想?\\ MD,还是我说了,要不估计有些给读者自己动手的一个机会搞定它. 又要来问,是因为PK码或G004的字段将他俩隐藏了.正好

(3) 如何快速排错

通常出现字段状态组不符的情况还是经常发生的,尤其是系统刚上线,另一个刚上线的问题是CO object assignment(OKB9).不说了,

现在以前我有几个程序是用来快速检查这些不同的,如果有field status不同俺头昏眼花的要对好半天的, 今天我才发现我箱子中只有

RM07CUFA :检

查movement type和GL account的field status ,还有几个不见了.YZZY,SHERKY,你俩有没有偷拿俺的东西,你这样做不对呀,上回我老弟SAP搅肉机拿我宰SAP的屠刀玩很不小心砍到自己的脚,疼了数周?.哎..,哪位弟兄捡到了请物归原主.谢谢.

Validation凭证的确认

在HR,AP,AP,GL,Consolidation,Real Estate,Special Purpose Ledger等多模快都能发现有效性检查(Validation)配置，所谓 Validation 不过是在凭证保存前根据设置条件判断此凭证是否有效,再根据Validation设置的消息类型(关于消息请参考第例消息控制)决定凭证是否允许保存(顺利保存的),对稍微了解ABAP开发基础的用户是很容易理解的.

凭证Validation,Substitution和User Exit的使用保证了凭证能成功通过某些企业实际的自订复杂业务检测最后保存在数据库中.

***可使用Validation检测在记帐时某些cost center只能对应到具体某Functional Area(如上了Functional Area的话),某些费用类科目只能记到某具体Cost center等. 比较实用的Validation IMG T-code有: OB28:AP/AR/GL Doc.| OAZ1:AM Posting| GCVW:Global Validation(In SPL,Company Level)|GCVV:Local Validation(In SPL, Company code Level). 下面以OB28为例,详细说明Validation的用法.(IMG Path如图7-1标号1) [1]定义记帐确认. [2]定义会计凭证退代.

建立Validation步骤:

下面以Line Validation STLINE只允许用户STONEF在5100(本位币HKD)记帐时本位货币金额不超过1000HKD为例子,详细介绍Validation的配置步骤. ***当然使用其他配置也能达到相同效果.

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