the real truth about lies-练习、语法讲解

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

The Real Truth Of Lies

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

Top 5 Fibs Told By Men1. I didn’t have that much to drink 2. Nothing’s wrong, I’m fine 3. I had no signal 4. It wasn’t that expensive 5. I’m on my way

Top 5 Fibs Told By Women1.Nothing’s wrong, I’m fine 2.I don’t know where it is, I haven’t touched it 3. It wasn’t that expensive 4.I didn’t have that much to drink 5. I’ve got a headache

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

P83 III.3

We must be unsparing in our criticism of the arms trade. (spare) sparing: avoiding waste 节俭的，节约的，贫乏的，保守的 synonym: limited, frugal, meager, parsimonious-(极度节省) Paraphrase:

W e m u s t se v e re ly critic iz e th e a rm s tra d e .

s p a re : ①/n./ an extra component of a machine or other apparatus 备用零件，剩余 ②/v./save or relieve from an experience or action : forgive

③give up what is not strictly needed : 分出，让出 ④use frugally or carefully :save sth

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

p h ra s e s o f “s p a re ” spare oneself 偷懒 spare time n. 消遣时间 spare part 备件 spare no effort 不遗余力；抽出；宽容；节省 spare no pains 不遗余力，全力以赴 spare no expense 不惜工本；不惜费用 spare change 零钱 spare capacity 备用容量；闲置的生产能力

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

Willful people cannot tolerate the slightest frustration of their wishes. w illfu l: self-willed, intended, conscious, minded,studied Paraphrase:

有意的，故意的，任性的

Self-willed people have no patience with the difficulty they met when they achieve their desires. Willful (n.) willfulness

VS

willing( volunteer to do ) willingness

★The willful child would not listen to whatever you say.

任性的孩子不管你说什么,他都不听. ★There is a willful self-destructiveness in the air here as if America has all the time and money in the world for petty politics. 这里的空气里中弥漫着一种故意自我毁灭的气息，为了狭隘的政治， 美国好像在全世界有的是金钱和时间。

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

Modal auxiliaries D iffe re n t m o d a l a u x ilia rie s m a y h a v e d iffe re n t m e a n in g s . (necessity, probability, possibility, intention, obligation…) 1. It will rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast. 2. He might have missed the train. 3. I’ll call you. 4. You should mind your own business. 5. All men must die. (1.probability 2. possibility 3. intention 4.necessity 5. obligation)

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

情态助动词can/could may/might

非推测性用法

推测性用法

表示“能力，许 表示“可能” 可” 许可 可能

will/would

意志

推测必然 必然

should/ought to 义务 must 义务

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

1. There’s no doubt that something went wrong. Something must have gone wrong. 2. Perhaps he works for Simons. He may/might works for Simons. 3. I think it probable that she is home already. I

think she should be home already. 4. It is possible that our team will win the race. Our team may/might win the race. 5.I can’t believe that he has lost it. He can’t have lost it .

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

V e rb le s s

c la u s e s

无动词分句

There are three kinds of verbless clauses. ⑴带从属连词的无动词分句

能引导无动词分句的从属连词有：when(ever), while,wherever,whether…or,although,though,as if,even if,once,unless,until,however,no matter what等。例如： ※When

still a boy of six,Bob was sent away from

home. 当鲍还是个六龄儿童的时候，就被打发出门。 ※Whether right or wrong,he always comes off worst in an argument. 不管有理无理，他在辩论中总是受挫。

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

这类无动词分句还可以是“从属连词+介词词组”, 或者“从属连词+副词词组”。例如： When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 Judges however wise or eminent,are human and can make mistakes. 法官们尽管聪明睿智，毕竟是人，还是可能出错的。 ⑵不带从属连词的无动词分句

这类无动词分句通常只由形容词词组或名词词组 构成。例如： Speechless,Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat. 亨利一言不发，点点头，坐在折椅上。 An excellent speaker,he was never at a loss for a word.作为一位卓越的演讲家，他从来不会无话可说。

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

Anxious for a quick decision,the chairman called for a vote.主席急于迅速作出决定，便提交表决。 Ture or not,the report provided new ammunition for his enemies.不管是真是假，这个报告都为他的敌人们提供 了新的炮弹。 3.带有自身主语的无动词分句

以上两类无动词分句均以主句主语作为自己的逻 辑主语，从而不须表示出来。带主语的无动词分 句便成为一种所谓的“独立结构”。例如: Two hundred people died in the accident,many of them children.两百人在事故中丧生，其中大多数是儿童。 Miriam looked at Harry,his eyes full of doubt and discomfort.米里安看着哈利，带着怀疑和不快的目光。

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

Miriam looked at Harry,his eyes full of doubt and discomfort.米里安看着哈利，带着怀疑和不快的目光。 He looked up,annoyance on his face.他抬起头来，面 有愠色。 Breakfast over he went to his counting house.早餐后， 他走进会计室。

带主语的无动词分句有时并不与主句的主语发生 关系，而是与宾语发生关系。例如： She talked about her friends,all of them television stars.她谈论她的朋友们，尽是些电视明星。 I don't wish to describe his assertions,some of them offensive.我不愿细谈他的主张，有些主张令人反感。

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

The infinitive vs. the –ing participle 1、主语 使用不定式：it作形

式主语，多用不定式，置语句末 It is hard to find a true friend. It is impolite to talk with your mouth full. 使用-ing (1) 在句首时 Shopping is her best way to relax herself. Missing the train means waiting for another hour. Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time. (2) 前有所有格修饰时 Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day. The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (3)在以下固定句型中(虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing ) It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind. It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

2、表语 My job is to teach you English. =My job is teaching you English. 3、定语

使用不定式： (1)在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来(主动形式表被动意义) We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do) There is a long way to go. (there be… to do) With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do) (2)有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后 He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions.使用-ing:

a developing country the fast-growing economy Do you know the person talking to the head teacher now?

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

4、宾语(1).使用不定式：如：afford,fail,wish,agree, ask, demand, determine, attempt, manage, plan, offer 等。 He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day. My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT. He pretended to be asleep when I approached her. 使用-ing Admit,avoid.enjoy.finish.keep.miss.practise.suggest.allow.a ppreciate.consider.risk.mind 等(2).即可用动词-ing形式也可用不定式作宾语，意义相差不大 一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词，如：like,love,hate,prefer, intend,begin,start,continue等 注：当begin和start使用进行时态时，后面常用不定式，另外动词 understand,realize,see在begin和start之后，也常用不定式 She was beginning to get angry 在like , love , hate , prefer 等词后，动词-ing 形式常表示某种习惯或爱 好，而不定式多表示 某个即将发生的具体行为。 need,require,want,demand等动词作“需要”解时 need require doing want demand + to be done

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

意义完全不同 remember doing 记得做过的事 remember to do 记得将要做的事 forget doing 忘记过去做的事 forget to do 忘记没做的事 mean doing 意味着做某事 mean to do 打算做.. regret doing 对已做过的事感到后悔 regret to do 对将要作的事表示遗憾 stop doing 停止正在做的事 stop to do 停下来做其它事 try doing 尝试做某事 try to do 设法做某事 go on doing 继续做同

一件事 go on to do 继续做另外一件事

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

5、宾补： 不定式或-ing作宾补一般用在动词： (1) 感官动词: find, see, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 后 (2) 使役动词 make, have, let, keep, leave后 宾补用(省to)不定式，-ing, 过去分词都可，但意义不同。 I saw him come in.(说明的对象是宾语，表主动，动作全过程) I saw him coming towards us.(说明的对象是宾语，表主动，进行) He raised his voice to make himself heard ( by the students).(说 明的对象是宾语，表被动) Sorry to keep you waiting so long. (说明的对象是宾语，表主动和 “一直所处的状态”) He hurried out of the washing room, leaving the water still running. (说明的对象是宾语，表主动和 “一直所处的的状态”) People along the coast had all their houses ruined by the typhoon. (说明的对象是宾语，表被动)

内含练习,语法(情态动词,无动词分句,不定式vs-ing)

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