高级英语第二册第十课学习辅导资料

高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

1 No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and

sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation. The

slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and

curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first

visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the

fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;

questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting \

stylistic vagaries of the \

really so wild?\

a Younger Generation problem?\

\

a Younger Generation Problem; \

immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being

something considerably less sensational than the degenerauon of our jazzmad youth.

2 Actually, the revolt of the young people was a logical outcome of conditions in

the age: First of all, it must be remembered that the rebellion was not confined to the

Unit- ed States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of the aftermath of

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

the first serious war in a century. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly

realized by some- subconsciously if not openly -- that our country was no longer

isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature

that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial

morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.

3 The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. The booming of

American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate impersonality, and

its largescale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior

and well-bred morality fashioned in a quieter and less competitive age. War or no war,

as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to

accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business

medium in which they were expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a

catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitating

our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent

energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America

to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society.

4 Thus in a changing world youth was faced with the challenge of bringing our

mores up to date. But at the same time it was tempted, in America at least, to escape

its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a

pose of Bohemian immorality. The faddishness , the wild spending of money on

transitory pleasures and momentary novelties , the hectic air of gaiety, the

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

experimentation in sensation -- sex, drugs, alcohol, perversions -- were all part of the

pattern of escape, an escape made possible by a general prosperity and a post-war

fatigue with politics, economic restrictions, and international responsibilities.

Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures

illicit , and the much-publicized orgies and defiant manifestoes of the intellectuals

crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for

their escapism. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out,

until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the

party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.

5 The rebellion started with World War I. The prolonged stalemate of 1915 –

1916, the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official

reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our

idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by

the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under

foreign flags. In the words of Joe Williams, in John Dos Passos' U. S. A., they \

to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.\

1916-- 1917, was still a romantic occupation. The young men of college age in 1917

knew nothing of modern warfare. The strife of 1861 --1865 had popularly become, in

motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one

hundred-days' fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at

Manila and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. Furthermore, there were enough high

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

school assembly orators proclaiming the character-forming force of the strenuous life

to convince more than enough otherwise sensible boys that service in the European

conflict would be of great personal value, in addition to being idealistic and exciting.

Accordingly, they began to join the various armies in increasing numbers, the

\

wherever else they could find a place. Those who were reluctant to serve in a foreign

army talked excitedly about Preparedness, occasionally considered joining the

National Guard, and rushed to enlist when we finally did enter the conflict. So

tremendous was the storming of recruitment centers that harassed sergeants actually

pleaded with volunteers to \

self-respecting person wanted to suffer the disgrace of being drafted, the enlistment

craze continued unabated.

6 Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure

were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of

twentieth- century warfare. To their lasting glory, they fought with distinction, but it

was a much altered group of soldiers who returned from the battlefields in 1919.

Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to

enlist early and who had generally seen a considerable amount of action. To them, it

was bitter to return to a home town virtually untouched by the conflict, where citizens

still talked with the naive Fourth-of-duly bombast they themselves had been guilty of

two or three years earlier. It was even more bitter to find that their old jobs had been

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

taken by the stay-at-homes, that business was suffering a recession that prevented

the opening up of new jobs, and that veterans were considered problem children and

less desirable than non-veterans for whatever business opportunities that did exist.

Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town and

families and had developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness which neither they

nor their relatives could understand. Their energies had been whipped up and their

naivete destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,

they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving

Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their

fighting had \

were not enough, the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic

cynicism of Versailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug

patriotism of the war profiteers. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had

to \

complete overthrow of genteel standards of behavior.

7 Greenwich Village set the pattern. Since the Seven-ties a dwelling place for

artists and writers who settled there because living was cheap, the village had long

enjoyed a dubious reputation for Bohemianism and eccentricity. It had also harbored

enough major writers, especially in the decade before World War I, to support its claim

to being the intellectual center of the nation. After the war, it was only natural that

hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and

\

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

still cheap in 1919) to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old

world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and

sensation.

8 Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. As it became

more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law

and the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of

\

became a fad. Each town had its \set which prided itself on its unconventionality ,

although in reality this self-conscious unconventionality was rapidly becoming a

standard feature of the country club class -- and its less affluent imitators

--throughout the nation. Before long the movement had be-come officially

recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), by the movies and magazines (which

made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it), and by advertising

(which obliquely encouraged it by 'selling everything from cigarettes to automobiles

with the implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible).

Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with

marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who

had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the

manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. Their parents were

shocked, but before long they found themselves and their friends adopting the new

gaiety. By the middle of the decade, the \

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

factor in American life as the flapper, the Model T, or the Dutch Colonial home in Floral Heights.

9 Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered. What they had wanted

was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain, and less

susceptible to standardization. Instead, their ideas had been generally ignored, while

their behavior had contributed to that standardization by furnishing a pattern of

Bohemianism that had become as conventionalized as a Rotary luncheon. As a result,

their dissatisfaction with their native country, already acute upon their return from the

war, now became even more intolerable. Flaming diatribes poured from their pens

denouncing the materialism and what they considered to be the cultural boobery of our

society. An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States,

written by \

rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. The burden of the volume

was that the best minds in the country were being ignored, that art was unappreciated,

and that big business had corrupted everything. Journalism was a mere adjunct to

moneymaking, politics were corrupt and filled with incompetents and crooks, and

American family life so devoted to making money and keeping up with the Joneses

that it had become joyless, patterned, hypocritical, and sexually inadequate. These

defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better

things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of

the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe

where \

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

published (1921), most of its contributors had taken their own advice and were Wing

abroad, and many more of the artistic and would-be artistic had followed suit.

10 It was in their defiant, but generally short-lived, European expatriation that our

leading writers of the Twenties learned to think of themselves, in the words of Gertrude

Stein, as the \

attitude nevertheless acted as a common denominator of the writing of the times. The

war and the cynical power politics of Versailles had convinced these young men and

women that spirituality was dead; they felt as stunned as John Andrews, the defeated

aesthete In Dos Passos' Three Soldiers, as rootless as Hemingway's wandering

alcoholics in The Sun Also Rises. Besides Stein, Dos Passos, and Hemingway, there

were Lewis Mumford, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, Matthew Josephson, d.

Harold Stearns, T. S. Eliot, E. E. Cumminss, Malcolm Cowley, and many other

novelists, dramatists, poets, and critics who tried to find their souls in the Antibes and

on the Left Bank, who directed sad and bitter blasts at their native land and who,

almost to a man, drifted back within a few years out of sheer homesickness, to take up

residence on coastal islands and in New England farmhouses and to produce works

ripened by the tempering of an older, more sophisticated society.

11 For actually the \

a time, bitter, critical, rebellious, iconoclastic, experimental, often absurd, more often

misdirected- but never \

above, such fisures as Eugene O'Neill, Edna St. Vincent Millay, F. Scott Fitzserald,

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

William Faulkner, Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, Hart Crane, Thomas Wolfe,

and innumerableothers could never be written off as sterile ,even by itself in a moment

of self-pity. The intellectuals of the Twenties, the \

Fitzserald called them, cursed their luck but didn't die; escaped but voluntarily returned;

flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the Iiveliest,

freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience.

(from Rhetoric and Literature by P. Joseph Canavan)

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

NOTES

1. Horton and Edwards: joint authors of the book, Backgrounds of American Literary Thought (1967), from which this piece is taken.

2. The Sad Young Men: a term created by F. Scott Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men to describe the disillusioned post-World War I younger generation, especially the young writers who lived as expatriates in west Europe for a short time. They were also called the \

3. flask-toting: always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor

4. crash of the world economic structure: referring to the Great Depression in U.S. history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U. S. stock-market crash of 1929. The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe.

5. Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt (1859-1919), 26th President of the United States (1901-- 09). He drew considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor. After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy; and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.

6. Dos Passos: John Dos Passos (1896--1970), American novelist. Publications: Three Soldiers; Manhattan Transfer; U. S. A. ; District of Columbia, etc.

7. turn belly up: to finish, to end; a term borrowed from fishing. A fish that floats belly up is dead.

8. the strife of 1861--65: the Civil War between the Northern (Federal) States and Southern (Confederate) States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery

9. fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War (1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba. It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U. S. expansionists. On May 7, a U. S. squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.

10. San Juan Hill: in East Cuba, near the city of Santiago de Cuba. It was the scene (July, 1898) of a battle in the Spanish-American war, in which Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders took part.

11. National Guard: U. S. militia. In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances. In times of

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

war or other emergencies, the National Guard is absorbed into the active service of the United States and the President is commander-in-chief.

12. Fourth-of-duly: U. S. Independence Day, commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Traditionally, it has been celebrated with the firing of guns and fireworks, parades, open-air meetings, and patriotic speeches.

13. Gopher Prairies: backward, undeveloped areas of the prairies

14. \the world safe for democracy\The exact quotation from Woodrow Wilson's Address to Congress (April 2, 1917) is, \democracy.\

15. Napoleonic cynicism: As conqueror, Napoleon cynically rearranged the whole map of Europe. The victorious allies of World War I did the same at Versailles.

16. country club class: people rich enough to join the country clubs

17. Model T: one of the early Ford motorcars

18. Dutch Colonial home: spacious houses following the style of Dutch Colonial architecture

19. Floral Heights: referring, perhaps, to Floral Park on Long Island, a residential suburb of New York. It has a commercial flower industry.

20. Rotary (International): organization of business and professional men, founded (1905) by Paul Percy Harris, a Chicago lawyer. Besides Rotary clubs in the United States, other branches were established in many countries throughout the world. The name was derived from the original custom of meeting in rotation at the members' places of business.

21. Mumford: Lewis Mumford (1895--1990), American social philosopher. Among his books are: Technics and Civilization; The Condition of Man, and The City in History.

22. Pound: Ezra Pound (1885--1972), American poet, critic, and translator; An extremely important influence in the shaping of 20th century poetry, he was one of the most famous and controversial literary figures of this century-- praised as a subtle and complex modern poet, dismissed as a naive egotist and pedant, condemned as a traitor and reactionary. During World War Ⅱ he broadcast Fascist propaganda to the United States for the Italians and was indicted for treason. Pound's major works are: Homage to Sextus Propertius; Hugh Selw3rn Manberley, and the Cantos.

23. Anderson: Sherwood Anderson (1876--1941), American novelist and short story

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

writer, best known for his novel Wines burg, Ohio

24. Josephson: Matthew Josephson (1899-- ), New York author, known for a time as a member of the post-war expatriate group. Some of his publications include Zola and His Time ; Portrait of the Artist as American ; The Robber Barons, etc.

25. Eliot: T. S. Eliot (1888-1965), English poet and critic. One of the most distinguished literary figures of the 20th century, T. S. Eliot won the 1948 Nobel Prize in literature. Some of his important works include: The Waste-land; Murder in the Cathedral ; The Sacred Wood, etc.

26. Cummings: E. E. Cummings (1894-1962), American poet. Among his 15 volumes of poetry are: Tulips and Chimneys; Is 5, and 95 Poems.

27. Cowley: Malcolm Cowley (1898-- ), American critic and poet. He lived abroad in the 1920s and knew many writers of the \Exile' s Return and Second Flowering.

28. Antibes: a seaside resort on the French Riviera favored by writers and artists

29. Left Bank: left bank of the River Seine in Paris, famous for its open-air book stalls. The Latin quarter, the haunt of university students and teachers, is also on the left bank.

30. O'Neill: Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), American dramatist. Widely acknowledged as America's greatest playwright, O' Neill brought to the U. S. stage its first serious native drama. Among his famous plays are: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; Desire Under the Elms; the Iceman Cometh, etc.

31. Millay: Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950), American poet. One of the most popular poets of her era, Millay was admired as much for the bohemian freedom of her youthful life style as for her verse. Among her poems are: Renascence ; A Few Figs from Thistles ; The Ballad of the Harp Weaver ; Fatal Interview, etc.

32. Fitzgerald: F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), American novelist and short-story writer. Fitzgerald is considered the literary spokesman of the \of the 1920s. Among his famous works are: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful and Damned; The Great Gatsby; Tales of the Jazz Age ; All the Sad Young Men, etc.

33. Faulkner: William Faulkner (1897-1962), American novelist. As a writer Faulkner's primary concern was to probe his own region, the deep south. He was awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize in literature. His best-known novels are: The Sound and the Fury; As I Lay Dying ; Sanctuary ; A Fable, etc.

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

34. Lewis: Sinclair Lewis (1895-1951), American novelist. Probably the greatest satirist of his era, Lewis wrote novels that present a devastating picture of middle-class American life in the 1920s. In 1930, Lewis became the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. His best-known novels are:Main Street ; Babbit ; Arrowsrnith ; It Can't Happen Here, etc.

35. Benrt: Stephen Vincent Benrt (1898-1943), American poet and author. Publications: Heaven and Earth ; John Brown's Body; Ballads and Poems, etc.

36. Crane: Hart Crane (1899--1932), American poet. He published only two volumes of poetry, White Buildings (1926) and The Bridge (1930), during his lifetime, but those works established Crane as one of the most originaland vital American poets of the 20th century.

37. Wolfe: Thomas Wolfe (1900-1938), American novelist. His well known novels are: Of Time and the River ; The Web and the Rock, and You Can't Go Home Again.

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

词汇(Vocabulary)

nostalgic (adj.) : looking for something far away or long ago or for former happy circumstance怀

旧的

illicit (adj.) : not allowed by law，custom，rule，etc．：unlawful；prohibited违法的，违禁的，非法的

thrill (n.) : tremor of excitement(一阵)激动

speakeasy (n.) : [slang]a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp. such a place in the U．S．during Prohibition[俚](美国禁酒期的)非法的酒店

denunciation (n.) : the act of denouncing控告；指责，斥责

amour (n.) : a love affair，esp. of an illicit or secret nature 恋情；(尤指)不正当的男女关系

sedan (n.) : an enclosed automobile with two or four doors．and two wide seats．front and rear(两扇或四扇门、双排座的)轿车

naughty (adj.) : improper，obscene不得体的；猥亵的

jazzy (adj.) : (a party)playing jazz music(舞会)放爵士音乐的

flask—toting (adj.) :always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor身带烈性酒的

sheik (n.) : (Americanism)a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted[美国语](能使女子倾心的)美男子

vagary (n.) : an odd，eccentric，or unexpected action or bit of conduct古怪行径；难以预测的行为

flapper (n.) : [colloq．](in the 1920?s)a young woman considered bold and unconventional in actions and dress [口](在20世纪20年代被认为)举止与衣着不受传统拘束的年轻女子，轻佻女郎

perspective (n.) : a specific point of view in understanding or judging things or events，esp. one that shows them in their true relations to one another正确理解或判断事物相互关系的能力

jazzmad (adj.) : blindly and foolishly fond of jazz music爵士乐狂

aftermath (n.) : a result or consequence，esp. an unpleasant one结果，后果(尤指令人不愉快的后果)

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

provincial (adj.) : narrow，limited like that of rural provinces狭窄的；偏狭的；地方性的

gentility (n.) : he quality of being genteel；now，specifically，excessive or affected refinement and elegance有教养，斯文，温文尔雅；(现尤指)假装文雅，假装斯文

aggressiveness (n.) : bold and energetic pursuit of one?s end，enterprise有进取心，进取精神

bustle (v.) : hurry busily or with much fuss and bother繁忙，奔忙

medium (n.) : environment环境

catalytic (adj.) : acting as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a result起催化作用的；起刺激作用的

precipitate (v.) : throw headlong；cause to happen before expected，needed；bring on猛抛，猛投；突然发生；促使

obsolescent (adj.) : in the process of becoming obsolete即将过时的；逐渐被废弃的

mores (n.) : customs，esp. the fixed or traditional customs of a society，often acquiring the force of law习俗

sophistication (n.) : the state of being artificial，worldly—wise，urbane，etc．老于世故

faddishness (n.) : the following of fads赶时髦，赶时尚

hectic (adj.) : characterized by excitement，rush，confusion，etc．兴奋的；忙乱的；混乱的

gaiety (n.) : cheerfulness；the state of being gay高兴，快乐

perversion (n.) : a perverting or being perverted；corruption走入邪路；堕落；败坏

Prohibition (n.) : the forbidding by law of the manufacture，transportation，and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes；specifically in the U．S．，the period(1920—1933)of prohibition by Federal law(特指美国20~30年代的)禁酒法令

orgy (n.) : any wild riotous licentious merry—making；debauchery纵酒饮乐；狂欢

spree (n.) : a lively，noisy frolic狂欢，纵乐

reveler (n.) : a person who makes merry or is noisily festive狂欢者，狂宴者

sober (v.) : make or become serious，solemn变清醒；变严肃

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

prolong (v.) : lengthen or extend in time or space延长；拖长；使持久

stalemate (n.) : any unresolved situation in which further action is impossible or useless；deadlock僵持；困境

insolence (n.) : being boldly disrespectful in speech—or behavior；impudence(言行)无礼，鲁莽；傲慢

belligerent (adj.) : at war；of war处于交战状态的；战争的

adventurousness (n.) : being fond of adventure；willingness to take chances喜欢冒险；大胆

strenuous (adj.) : vigorous，arduous, zealous，etc．奋发的；使劲的

jingoism (n.) : chauvinism characterized by an aggressive。threatening，warlike foreign policy侵略主义，沙文主义

fracas (n.) : a noisy fight 0r loud quarrel；brawl大声吵架；打闹

infantry (n.) : foot soldiers collectively；esp. that branch of an army consisting of soldiers trained and equipped to fight chiefly on foot步兵；(尤指)步兵部队

harass (v.) : trouble，worry．or torment，as with cares, debts，repeated questions，etc．使烦恼(或困忧)，折磨

sergeant (n.) : noncommissioned officer of the fifth grade．ranking above a corporal and below a staff sergeant in the U．S．Army and Marine Corps；generally. any of the noncommissioned officers in the U．S．armed forces with sergeant as part of the title of their rank中士；军士

draft (n.) : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose，esp. for compulsory military service征兵：挑选

carnival (n.) : a reveling or time of revelry；festivity； merrymaking狂欢，尽情作乐

contingent (n.) : a share, proportion，or quota，as of troops．ships。laborers，delegates，etc．小分队，分遣部队

bombast (n.) : talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning；pompous language词藻华丽而空洞无物的淡话(或文章)；夸大的语言

recession (n.) : a temporary falling off()f business activity during a period when such activity has been generally increasing商业暂时衰退现象；萧条

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

whip up : rouse，excite激起

outmoded (adj.) : no longer in fashion or accepted；obsoletc 旧式的；过时的；废弃了的

sodden (adj.) : dull or stupefied，as from overindulgence in liquor(因沉迷于酒而变得)迟钝的，麻木的

dubious (adj.) : rousing suspicion；feeling doubt；skeptical引起怀疑的；感到怀疑的；怀疑的

flout (n.) : be scornful；show contempt；jeer；scoff轻蔑，藐视；嘲弄；侮辱

conflagration (n.) : a big, destructive fire(毁灭性的)大火．大火灾

fast (adj.) : living in a reckless, wild, dissipated way放汤的，放纵的

pulpit (n.) : preachers collectively教士们

vulgar (adj.) : common to the great mass of people in general：common；popular普通的，一般的；流行的

avid (adj.) : having an intense desire or craving；greedy渴望的，热望的；贪婪的

susceptible (adj.) : easily affected emotionally；having a sensitive nature of feelings易被感动的；易受影响的；敏感的

diatribe (n.) : a bitter，abusive criticism or denunciation 谩骂；讽刺；诽谤

grandiose (adj.) :having grandeur or magnificence imposing;impressive雄伟的;壮观的;庄严的;给人深刻印象的

ally (v.) :come bark to normal strength；revive恢复；复元

burden (n.) : central idea；theme主题；重点，要点

adjunct (n.) :a thing added to something else; a person connected with another as a helper or subordinate associate附属物，附加物；帮手，助手

incompetent (n.) :a person who is completely incapable无能力者，不能胜任者

expatriate (v.) : withdraw (oneself) from one?s nativeland or from allegiance to it(使自己)移居国外，放弃原国籍

denominator (n.) :a shared characteristic共同特性，共性

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

iconoclastic (adj.) :opposing to the religious use of images or advocating the destruction of such images反对崇拜偶像的

sterile (adj.) : barren；unfruitful贫瘠的，不长庄稼的；无成效的

flay (v.) :criticize or scold mercilessly严厉斥责；怒骂

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

短语 (Expressions)

drugstore cowboy : a young man who hangs around drugstores and other public places trying to

impress women在杂货店和其他公共场所徘徊试图打动女人的年轻男人

例： You don?t see the old drugstore cowboys around this part of town anymore．在这个镇的这片地方你再也看不到以往那些杂货店牛仔了。

see sth.in perspective : view or judge things in a way that show their true relations to one another以联系的观点正确地看待或判断事物

例： We should see these events in perspective．我们应该注意这些事件间的本质联系以正确评价它们。

precipitate sb.／sth:into sth． : thrust violently into(a condition)使突然陷入某种状态 例： precipitate the country into war使国家突然陷人战争

sober up : tfree from drunkenness；become not drunk变清醒

例： Put him t0 bed until he sobers up．送他上床等他清醒过来。

whip up : rouse；excite煽动，激起

例： whip up the mob煽动暴民／whip up enthusiasm激起热情

keep up with the Joneses : compete with one?s neighbors．etc．(in the purchase 0f articles，e．g．clothes，a car，indicating social status)和琼斯一家人比(在购买物品如衣物、汽车等方面与邻人等相比以示社会地位)，与他人攀比

FONT style=\cornflowerblue\color=white> common denominator : a commonly shared theme or trait共同点，共同特色

例： All these accidents have a comnlon denominator that they are related with drunk driving．所有这些事故的共同点是它们都与酒后驾车有关。

write off : drop from consideration看不起，认为无价值

例： We?Ve written the project ofr as a nonstarter．我们认为这个项目毫无成功的希望，已经对它不予以考虑了。

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

第十课 悲哀的青年一代

罗德?w?霍顿，赫伯特?w?爱德华兹

二十年代社会生活的各个方面中，被人们评论得最多、渲染得最厉害的，莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行了。只要有只言片语提到那个时期，就会勾起中年人怀旧的回忆和青年人好奇的提问。中年人会回忆起第一次光顾非法酒店时的那种既高兴又不安的违法犯罪的刺激感，回忆起对清教徒式的道德规范的勇猛抨击，回忆起停在乡间小路上的小轿车里颠鸾倒凤的时髦爱情试验方式；青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，问起那成天背着酒葫芦、勾引得女人团团转的“美男子”，问起那些“时髦少女”和“闲荡牛仔”的奇装异服和古怪行为等等的情况。“那时的青年果真这样狂放不羁吗?”今天的青年学生们不禁好奇地向他们的师长问起这样的问题。“那时真的有过青年一代的问题吗?”对这类问题的回答必然只能是既“对”又“不对”——说“对，，是因为人的成长过程中一贯就存在着所谓青年一代的问题；说“不对”是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。那么不负责任，那么不讲道德的行为，若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。

实际上，青年一代的叛逆行为是当时的时代条件的必然结果。首先，值得记住的是，这种叛逆行为并不局限于美国，而是作为百年之中第一次惨烈的战争的后遗症影响到整个西方世界。其次，在美国，有一些人已经很不情愿地认识到——如果不是明明白白地认识到，至少是下意识地认识到——无论在政治方面还是在传统方面，我们的国家已不再是与世隔绝的了；我们所取得的国际地位使我们永远也不能再退缩到狭隘道德规范的人造围墙之后，或是躲在相邻的两大洋的地理保护之中了。

在当时的美国，摒弃维多利亚式的温文尔雅无论如何都已经是无可避免的了。美国工业的飞速发展及其所带来的庞大的、机器轰鸣的工厂的出现，社会化大生产的非人格性，以及争强好胜意识的空前高涨，使得在较为平静而少竞争的年代里所形成的温文尔雅的礼貌行为和谦谦忍让的道德风范完全没有半点栖身之地。不论是否发生战争，随着时代的变化．要我们的年轻一代接受与他们必须在其中拼搏求胜的这个喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入的行为准则已经变得越来越难了。战争只不过起了一种催化剂的作用，加速了维多利亚式社会结构的崩溃。战争把年轻一代一下子推向一种大规模的屠杀战场，从而使他们体内潜藏的压抑已久的狂暴力量得以释放出来，待到战争一结束，这些被释放出来的狂暴力量便在欧洲和美国掉转矛头，去摧毁那日渐衰朽的十九世纪的社会了。

这样一来，在一个千变万化的世界中，青年一代便面临着使我们的道德习惯与时代合拍这一挑战。而与此同时，青年人。——至少美国的青年人——又表现出这样一种倾向：他们试图逃避自己的责任。沉溺于一种老于世故、以酒自娱的生活作风之中，装出一副波希米亚式的放荡不羁的样子。追求时尚，为了短暂的快乐和一时的新奇而大肆挥霍，纵情地狂欢，寻求各种各样的感官刺激——性行为，吸毒，酗酒以及各种各样的堕落行为——这些都是他们逃避责任的表现形式，是一种由社会的普遍繁荣及战后人们对于政治、经济限制和国际义务所产生的厌烦情绪所造成的逃避方式。禁酒法令使青年人有了更多的机会寻求违禁取乐的刺激。文人墨客纷纷涌人格林威治村，他们那些被大肆渲染的放纵行为和挑战性言论也为青年人的逃避主义提供了一种表现形式和一套哲学辩护辞。这种逃避主义者的纵情狂欢，像大多数逃避主义者的纵情狂欢一样，一直要持续到狂欢者囊空如洗为止。到二十年代末世界经

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

B. smug C. outmoded D. sodden 10. strife

A. struggle B. patriotism C. recession D. factor 11. obliquely A. sexually B. reluctantly

C. internationally D. indirectly 12. harass A. plead B. worry C. fan D. flout 13. fad

A. feature B. imitator C. craze D. pulpit 14. hectic A. affluent B. acute C. exciting D. naughty 15. intellectual A. flapper B. sheik C. citizen D. intellect 16. crook A. cook B. cheat C. cowboy D. writer 17. curb

A. control B. shock C. escape D. drift 18. sterile

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

A. cynical

B. B. sensitive C. unproductive D. sophisticated 19. illicit A. legal B. illegal C. resistible D. irresistible 20. aftermath A. search

B. investigation C. experiment D. consequence

Ⅱ. Spell out the words according to the meaning and the first letter of the word is given.

1) This disease causes physical and mental deterioration. d

2) This shop used to be a place for going to buy and drink alcohol illegally in the 1920s and 1930s. s

3) Do you think of him as a man supposed to be irresistibly attractive to romantic young women ? s

4) This bank has both individual and company customers. c 5) I enjoy the hustle and busy activity of life in a big city. b

6) This thing called love was a total mystery to me, but the strange act and idea of passion and despair that accompanied each devotion kept my life in high drama. v

7) Find your ideal online UK jobsite or employing agency by name, location or industry. r 8) He made great attempts to stop her. s

9) The warlike nations refused to have peace talks b

10) Bridgman does not see this scheme as contradicting the custom thesis. c 11) The breeze dispelled the fog d

12) The two sides reached a deadlock in their negotiations. S 13) Tell us what you think of this speech attack. d

14) Though now we talk about lots of smaller wars, what's to prevent a really big fire? c 15) Patriotism can turn into chauvinistic patriotism and intolerance very quickly. j 16) Very few early Byzantine icons survived the icon-destroying period I 17) The newspapers severely criticised him. f

18) His office is in town, but his dwelling place is in the suburbs. r 19) A tendency to eat sand is a strange act of appetite. p

20) My weariness was great after looking unsuccessfully for a job all day. f

Ⅲ. Fill in the blank with the following phrases and make changes if necessary.

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

a common denominator, a catalytic agent, avid for, bear no / some relationship to, confine to, Gopher Prairie, keep up with the Joneses, more than enough, precipitate … into, see… in perspective, sober up, susceptible to, to a man, whip up, write off as,

1. Thank you, I have had

2. She would gladly have been converted to Vida's satisfaction in and mopping the floor 3. Farm folk seem to place less emphasis than city folk on spending upon 4. The border incident the two countries into war.

5. The speaker soon______the crowd______ until they were ready to march. 6. He _____things_______their right______ 7. I hope this coffee may_______him ______ . 8. A bad cold_______him_______his bed .

9. Patient expectations are realistically different between studies in ways that_______ the experience of active psychotherapy patients.

10. What this means is_____ is added to the lacquer to make it dry into a more durable finish. 11. Every child here is_____ attention.

12. National Cancer Institute researchers found that some women may be more genetically _____cancer from \

13. She had been_______a failure at the age of eleven. 14.12 is_____of 1/4 and 1/3 .

15. ________John?s friends stood by him in his trouble.

Ⅳ. Text comprehension:

1) No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than _________.

A. the na?ve Fourth-of-July bombast B. the rejection of Victorian gentility

C. the expatriation of the true intellectuals

D. The so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation 2) The young men began to enlist for ________. A. fun in the war

B. the war before it was too late

C. the democracy before the war ended D. the Victorian gentility after the war

3) “The Sad Young Men” actually refers to _________. A. the lost generation B. the angry young men C. Beat generation D. the war profiteers

4) The Sad Young Men included a group of young intellectuals except ________. A. Hemingway and Dos Passos

B. Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards C. F. Scott Fitzgerald and Eugene O?Neill

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

D. Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot and E. E. Cummings

5) Which of the following did the Sad Young Men enjoy ? A. the Babbitts

B. Victorian gentility

C. Bohemianism and eccentricity

D. The hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition

Ⅴ. Write T for a true statement and F for a false statement, according to the text.

1) The slightest mention of the decade after the First World War brings nostalgic recollections to both the middle-age and the young.

2) After the First World War, the United States was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition. 3) When the war was over, the young people turned their energies in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent 19th century society.

4) In the Twenties the young people could enjoy alcohol legally.

5) In 1916—1917, military service was considered a romantic occupation because the young men of college age at that time knew nothing of modern warfare.

6) After the young people returned home, they developed a sudden bewildering world-weariness their relatives understood.

7) Greenwich Village set the pattern by having intellectuals flock there to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers and to give all to art, love, and sensation.

8) “Bohemian” living became a fad and welcomed by everyone.

9) The true intellectuals left for Europe forever because they were not satisfied with their native country

10) The “lost generation” was actually never lost.

Ⅵ. Point out the right rhetorical device for the following used in the text.

1) The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollectionsto the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young.

2) …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.

3) And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.

4) … our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.

5) …the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar…

第二册第10课练习答案

1-1: / 答案:A 1-2: / 答案:C

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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)

1-3: / 答案:A 1-4: / 答案:B 1-5: / 答案: 1-6: / 答案:C 1-7: / 答案:D 1-8: / 答案:A 1-9: / 答案:C 1-10: / 答案:A 1-11: / 答案:D 1-12: / 答案:B 1-13: / 答案:C 1-14: / 答案:C 1-15: / 答案:D 1-16: / 答案:B 1-17: / 答案:A 1-18: / 答案:C 1-19: / 答案:B 1-20: / 答案:D 2-1: /

答案: degeneration 2-2: /

答案:speakeasy 2-3: /

答案:sheik 2-4: /

答案:corporate 2-5: /

答案:bustle 2-6: /

答案:vagaries 2-7: /

答案:recruitment 2-8: /

答案:strenuous 2-9: /

答案:belligerent 2-10: /

答案:conventionality 2-11: /

答案: dissipated 2-12: /

答案:Stalemate 2-13: /

答案:diatribe

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