Unit4 What would you do

Unit4 What would you do? Section A

1. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)

⑴当这些词与具体数字连用时，通常不加复数词尾-s, 也不接介词 of.

如：Two hundred students went there. 有两百学生去了

那儿。

⑵当这些词不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s, 而且要后接介词 of, 然后才能接名词。

如：Thousands of students entered the contest. 数千名学

生参加了这次比赛。

Millions of people died in the war. 有数百万人在这次战争中丧生。

⑶当这些词与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词

连用时，词尾一般不加 -s，也不接介词 of. 如：在那儿我见到了数百外宾。

There I saw several hundred foreign guests. Exercises：

① On that day two ____ people were in our city. ②_____ trees were planted on the hill last year. A millions B million C millions of D million of ③ _____books are kept in our school library. A Five million of B Millions of C Several million of D Many millions

2. if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实性和非真实性条件句，

if引导的非真实性条件状语从句，即 ：虚拟语气

虚拟语气用来表示所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、或是与事实相反的假设、或是一种空想等。

①真实性条件状语从句与非真实性条件状语从句

eg：If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)

If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.（真实条件状语） If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（非真实条件状语从句）

②虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式

如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为： 从句用一般过去时 即：

if +主语+动词过去式 (be 动词一律用were),

主句用过去将来时 即：主语+would+动词原形

If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不是你）

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.

如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）

I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上没有人请我当电影演员)

Exercises: ① If she___ (be) here, I ____(agree) with you. ②If I _____(be) rich, I ______(travel)around the world. ③ If he ____(study) harder, he____( pass) the exam. ④If I ____(win) a million dollars in the lottery, I

____(put)it in the bank.

⑤ If he____(know) that, he would tell you.

⑥What would happen if there ____(be)no water on the

earth?

3. if 是否 (不影响句子时态)

I don’t know if he_____ (come). If he ____ (come), please tell me. 4. be late for 迟到

eg: I am late for work/ school/ class/ party. 5. a little = a bit 有点儿

⑴ 副词词组,修饰adj.（=kind of）、adv.以及比较极 两个词组前加not意义相反:

not a little相当于very/very much 很,非常 not a bit 相当于 not at all 一点儿也不 eg: I ’m not a little hungry.=I’m very hungry. I ’m no t a bit hungry. = I ’m not hungry at all. ⑵ a little +不可数n.=a bit of +不可数n. a little water = a bit of water ⑶ a little +可数n.单数

a little girl a little cat

⑷ a little 和a few 的区别 两者表肯定意义

a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 a few 一些 修饰可数名词复数

如：There is a little water in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些水。

He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。

little和 few 的区别 两者表否定意义（几乎没有）

little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 few 少数的 修饰可数名词复数

如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little water in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少水。 6. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ? 要是… 又怎么样? 相当于一般现在时态的条件状语从句, if后用陈述语序. 如：What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if Li Lei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？ 7. get nervous 变得紧张 (系动词后+形容词) feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好 8. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能

如：I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。

9. take/have a walk 散步

10. help sb. (to)do sth. help (sb.) with sth. 如：That should help you relax. 那会有助于你放松. with the help of sb.=with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 without one’s help 没有某人的帮助

Section B

1. be confident of (doing) sth. 对……有信心,确信

He is confident of success. 他确信必能成功。

He is confident of ____(study) math.他对学习数学有信心.

be confident +that从句 对……有信心

we are confident that our good wishes will come true. 我们相信我们的愿望会实现.

I’m confident that I can/will get the job. = I’m confident of _____ (get) the job.

2. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事

I'm afraid _____ (have) a test. 我很害怕考试. 3. in public 在公共场所

Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。

4. What is sb. like? be like用于询问人的性格(范围大) -- What is your brother like? 你哥是个什么样的人? —I think he is a little shy.

What does/do sb. look like? look like 用于询问人的外貌 --What does your brother look like? 你哥长什么样? --He is tall and thin.

5. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 如：Teacher asked me_____ (clean) the classroom. Teacher asked me_____ (not clean) the classroom. 6.give a speech 做演讲

7.start doing sth.= start to do sth. 开始做某事 如： He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。 8. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如： I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书. lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人

Lily lent me a book.=Lily __________ .莉莉借给我一本书.

9.without (one’s) permission 未经允许 permission 常与物主代词和名词所有格连用

with one’s permission 经某人允许(在某人许可的情况下) 10. ask you to be in a movie 邀请你去演电影

11．be friends with a new student 与一位新同学成为朋友 12．introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人

I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。 I’d like to introduce my new friend to you all. 我想把新朋友介绍给大家. 13. wait for sb. 等候某人

wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事 eg: Let’s wait here for the rain to stop.

Would you please wait for me ______ (get) ready? 14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

Lily invited me ___ (go) to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 15. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭

have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐

16. not …in the slightest = not …at all根本不，一点儿也不

17. plenty of许多 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词,常 用于肯定句

They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。 18. get along/on (well) with sb. 与…相处(融洽) 如： Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？

19. rather than 是…而不是…(连词,前后连接的成份要一致)=instead of (介词短语,后接名词,代词,V-ing) eg:①I decided to write rather than to telephone.

我决定写信而不打电话.

②Tom ran to school rather than took a bus. =Tom ran to school instead of taking a bus. 汤姆那天不是乘公共汽车去上学的,而是跑着去的. ③He is a teacher rather than a worker. =He is a teacher instead of a worker.

20.would rather do A than do B 宁愿…而不愿…..(连接两个相同成份)

eg: ① I would rather play football than dance. ② I would rather go to work on foot than by bike.

Exercises: ①Lucy would rather____(walk) than____(run). ②She would rather ____(sit) in the sun than_____(work) under the tree.

③He wants to stay at home. He doesn’t want to go out. (合并) He __________ stay at home _____go out. 21.a circle of friends 一个朋友圈子 my circle of friends 我的朋友圈子 a small circle of friends 一个小的朋友圈子 eg: She has a large circle of friends. 她交友广泛.

Self check

1.make a speech 做演讲

2. feel nervous doing sth. 对做某事感到紧张

3. in front of 在….前面(指某一范围以外的前面,不包含) in the front of 在…前面(指某一范围内的前面,包含)

① There is a tall tree __________ the house.

房子前面有一棵大树。

② Let's sit __________ the bus.

我们坐在公共汽车的前部。

4. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好

5. something bad 坏的东西

当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等时，要放在不定代词后

如: nothing interesting somewhere warm/quiet ① There is nothing different in the next. ② Do you have anything important to say?

6. in fact 事实上

7.English speech contest 英语演讲比赛 8. all 和 whole 的区别

①all可以修饰各类名词，且限定词要放在all之后(all the).

whole 只能修饰具有整体意义的单数名词， 且限定词要放在whole 之前(the whole). 如:

all the money/ all the time/ all the students/ all my life a whole roast duck/ the whole class /my whole life

② whole 不能修饰复数可数名词，但是若复数可数名词前

有具体的数量词时， 则可以用whole 。 three whole days / all three days 9. come top 名列前茅

10. let sb. down 让某人失望

eg: Don’t let your parents down. 不要让你的父母失望。 11. be terrified of doing sth. 害怕做某事

12. believe sb. 相信某人 believe in sb. 信任某人

I believe him．（=I believe what he says）我相信他（的话）。I believe in him．我信任他.(即:相信他是一个信得过的人)

I believe him, but I can’t believe in him. 他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。

13.come up with sth. 提出 想出(相当于think up/think of)

He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。 come up with sb. 追上 赶上(相当于catch up with sb.) Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。 14.a solution to the problem 解决问题的方法 15.the rest of the students 其余的学生

常用搭配: the rest of the +可数名词复数/不可数名词 the rest作主语时,谓语动词要随着名词变化:

eg: The rest of the eggs have gone bad.剩下的鸡蛋都变

坏了.

①This letter is for me, the rest of the letters___(be)for you.

②The rest of the money ____(be)mine.

Reading

1. have (a lot of) experience doing sth. 在做某事方面有(丰富的)经验

如：I have experience (teach) English.

我在教英语方面有经验。 2. come out 出版;出来

The magazine comes out once a week. 3. by accident=by chance 偶然地，无意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。 4. cover …with… 用…把….盖起来/包起来 如: Don’t cover his face with the book.

5. hurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事 in a hurry 勿忙地 I hurride to call the police.

6. find out 查明,找出(一般指要费一翻周折) 7.cold running water 流动的凉水 8.more than 超过(=over)

9. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物

offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 eg: He offered _____(lend) me a few books. 10. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 eg: They refused _____(help) me. 11. the dangers of doing sth. 做某事的危害

12. hide sth. from sb. 把某物藏在某人找不到的地方 eg: I hide my money from my brother.

13. tell /ask sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某(不要)做某事 14. agree to do sth. 赞同做某事

15. in a public place=in public 在公共场所 16. go alone 单独去,独自去

17. ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议 18. be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助/有用

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